The Indo-Mongolian Society of New York

Mongolian History-Online Resources

 

 

Compiled by the Indo-Mongolian Society of New York in 2004 www.MongolianCulture.com

 

                       Contents                  

 

History of the Mongols, Genghis Khan – Chinggis Khan,

Mongol Military Campaigns, Yuan Dynasty – Mongol China,

 Ilkhanid Dynasty – Mongol Iran,

Ulus Chaghatay Dynasty – Mongol Central Asia,

Golden Horde Dynasty – Mongol Russia,

 Mongol Invasions of Japan, Mongols in South East Asia,

Post-Empire and Modern Mongolia,

Mongolian Women in History,

Nomadic Civilization – Pastoral Nomadism & Inner Asian History,

Religious History of the Mongols, Art of the Mongol Empire,

Other Mongolian History Images, Other Articles About Mongolian History,

Mongol Empire Maps, Mongolian History Timelines,

Central Asian Tribal Groups History, Siberian Tribal Groups, The Manchus,

The Silk Road, Silk Road Art, Silk Road Frescoes of Dunhuang,

Historical Maps, Period Photos: Mongol, Tibetan, Siberian and Central Asian Subjects,

Indian Historical Cultural Influence in Central Asia, Gandaharan, Bactrian,Sogdian,Parthian and Sarmation Art □

 

History of the Mongols

Origins of the Mongols

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/4.htm

Ancestry of the Mongols

http://www.coldsiberia.org/ancestry.htm

The Secret History of the Mongols Description

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_mainframe1_8g.htm

Mythical Elements in the “Secret History of the Mongols”

http://www.asjapan.org/Lectures/1994/Lecture/lecture-1994-11.htm

The Rise of the Mongol Empire

http://ron.heavengames.com/gameinfo/nations/mongol/mongol.shtml

Shadow Empires: Imperial State Formation Along the Chinese-Nomadic Frontier

http://assets.cambridge.org/0521770203/sample/0521770203WS.PDF

Mongol Vision and Mandate of World Conquest

http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/Proceed97/Kotkin1.html

How did the Mongols Link East and West? (Selections from All the Khan's Horses)

http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/mongol/Howdid2.html

The Period of Mongol Empire

http://www.extmin.mn/mongol_empire.htm

The Mongol Khans                 

http://www.friesian.com/mongol.htm

History of the Mongol Empire – List of Rulers

http://mongolempire.4t.com/r_rulers.htm

The “Pax Mongolica”

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/paxmongolica.shtml

Mongols in World History

http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/

Mongol History

http://danielroy.tripod.com/cgi-bin/alternate/mongolia/history.html

The Mongol Empire

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/empire.html

Introduction to a History of Mongolia

http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/history.htm

Encyclopedia History of Mongolia

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Mongolia

History of Mongolia

http://www.countryreports.org/history/mongohist.htm

History of the Mongol Empire

http://mongolempire.4t.com/h3_risegenghis.htm

Mongol Taxation “Qubchi’ur” Chronology Outline

http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%2010b.htm

Mongolia FAQ

http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~corff/mfaq-3.html

Virtual Mongol History

http://www.kiku.com/electric_samurai/virtual_mongol/history.html

Guyuk Khan, Mongol Great Khan 1246 – 1248

http://www.iranica.com/articles/v11f4/v11f4048.html

Reign of Kuyuk (Guyuk) Khan

http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/mongolia/mongolia25.html

Güyük Khan’s Letter to the Pope Innocent the IV

 http://www.heritagemadison.org/guyuk.htm

John of Plano Carpini the Pope’s Envoy Travels to the Court of Güyük Khan

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/carrub.shtml

Medieval European Views of the Mongols (Excerpts -Storm From the East)

http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/readings/marshall.html

 Persian Views of the Mongols and Europeans

http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst372/readings/morgan1.html

European and Mongol Relations in the 13th Century (Christian Europe and Mongol Asia)

http://www.luc.edu/publications/medieval/vol2/2ch13.html

Europe and the Vatican’s Perspectives on the Mongol Empire Expansion

http://www.mille.org/publications/summer98/fschmieder.pdf

Marco Polo’s Travels to Mongolia

http://www.heritagemadison.org/marco_polo3.htm

Marco Polo’s Descriptions of Mongol Customs

http://ias.berkeley.edu/orias/MarcoPolo/station3Tartars.html

In the Footsteps of Marco Polo Exhibition Resources (Virtual Journey)

http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Marco/get.html

Did Marco Polo Go to China? A Critical Appraisal by Prof. I. De Rachewiltz

http://rspas.anu.edu.au/eah/Marcopolo.html

Thomas of Splato and the Mongols:

A Thirteenth Century Dalmatian View of Mongol Customs

http://www.uwo.ca/english/florilegium/volumes/vol2/sweeney.html

Grigor of Akner’s Account of the Mongols in Armenia and Georgia

http://rbedrosian.com/ga1.htm

Armenian Historical Accounts of the Mongol Empire

http://rbedrosian.com/dsources.htm

Rabban Sauma, A Nestorian Christian Envoy to the Court of Khubilai Khan

http://www.uoregon.edu/~sshoemak/324/texts/monks_of_kubla_khan.htm

The “Barbarian Invaders”

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/barbarian.shtml

A 13th Century Description of the “Tatars” (Mongols)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tartars.html

Great Wall of China 1

http://www.w-i-n.ws/great_wall_of_china.htm

Great Wall of China 2

http://www.jadedragon.com/archives/arts/greatwal.html

Photos of Great Wall

http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/gtwall-1.gif

http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/gtwall-2.gif

Description of the “Tugh”, Mongol Imperial Yak Tail Standard by Babur

http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/babur/babur1.html#stand

The “Yam”, Mongol Empire Communication System

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Pantheon/3055/comm.htm

Marco Polo’s Description of the “Yam”

http://ias.berkeley.edu/orias/MarcoPolo/postalsystem.html

The Medieval Mongol Lifestyle

http://web3.woodbury.edu/faculty/dcremer/wldciv1/mongol/lifestyl.htm

The Horse in Mongolian Culture

http://biobulletin.amnh.org/D/2/2/

Unesco History of Mongolia

http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4218/chapitre9.htm

The Mongols: A Culture of Conquest

http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~idixonmc/mongols.html

Mongol Imperialism and Colonial Ideology

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar1c.html

Impact of Mongols on Trade Networks

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar7.html

Legacy of the Mongols

http://members.tripod.com/~whitebard/ca7.htm

How the Mongol Empire has Affected the World

http://www.acu.edu:9090/~armstrongl/geography/mongol.htm

Mongol Contributions to Technology

http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/~beuschlo/timeline/jcuffey.html

What were the Long Term Implications of Mongol Rule?

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar1b.html

Successors of Genghis Khan and their Coins

http://www.hordecoins.folgat.net/e_horde.htm

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Genghis Khan – Chinggis Khan

Genghis Khan 1165-1227

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/empsub1.html

Genghis Khan (Temujin) 1162? – 1227, Founder of the Mongol Empire

http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_020000_genghiskhan.htm

On Chinggis Khaan

http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~corff/im/Landeskunde/CK.html

The Era of Chinggis Khan, 1206 - 1227

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/10.htm

Temujin, aka Jenghiz (Genghis, Chinggis) Khan

http://www.houseofice.com/history/khan_longVersion.shtml

Treasures of Genghis Khan

http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2002-09/treasures.html

Genghis Khan’s “Yasa”

http://www.hunmagyar.org/mongol/yasa.html

Excerpts About Genghis Khan’s “Yasa” from  Juvaini’s, “History of the World Conqueror”

http://www.upf.es/materials/huma/xinamon/docums/juvaini.htm

Governing Policies of Genghis Khan Brief Summary

http://web3.woodbury.edu/faculty/dcremer/wldciv1/mongol/govern.htm

Genghis Khan, Father of Mongolian Democracy

http://www.mongolianculture.com/PaulaL-Sabloff.htm

The Land of Genghis Khan (National Geographic)

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/genghis/index.html

Genghis Khan, Military and Organizational Genius

http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/China/save/iverson/iverson.htm

Genghis Khan, the Mongols and Asia

http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h11mon.htm

Genghis Khan Virtual Exhibit

http://www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/vexhibit/genghis/biog.htm

Genghis Khan’s Dynastic Chart

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/intro3.html

Changing Perceptions of Genghis Khan in Mongolia

http://hcs.harvard.edu/~hapr/winter00_millenium/Genghis.html

Genealogical Table of Genghis Khan and Descendents

http://members.tripod.com/~whitebard/genealgy.gif

Succession After Chinggis Khan

http://biphome.spray.se/coif/history/kublai/kublen04.html

Images of Genghis Khan and Sons Family Tree

http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us./~vms/carlton/genghis8.jpg

Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan Exhibition Resources

http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Mongolia/section2a.shtml

The Treasure of Genghis Khan

http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2002-09/treasures.html

The Legacy of Genghis Khan Exhibition Resources, Los Angles

http://www.lacma.org/khan/index_flash.htm

Legacy of Genghis Khan Exhibition Resources, MET Museum, New York

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan1/hd_khan1.htm

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Mongol Military Campaigns

Mongol Conquest of China 1

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/11.htm

Mongol Conquest of China 2

http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/china1/chapter6.html

Beijing is Captured by the Mongols, 1214

http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/China/BeijingMongols.CP.html

Mongol Conquest of Khwarizm

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/12.htm

Last Campaign of Genghis Khan

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/13.htm

Mongol Invasion of Europe

http://historymedren.about.com/library/prm/bl1mongolinvasion.htm

The Mongol Invasion of Europe, 1222 - 1242

http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/WestEurope/MongolEurope.CP.html

Subedai’s Campaigns in Europe

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/15.htm

Mongol Campaigns in the Ukraine

http://home.swipnet.se/roland/mongols.html

The Battle of Mohi (Muhi) in Hungary, 1241

http://home-4.worldonline.nl/~t543201/web-mongol/mongol-mohi.htm

Mongol Invasion of Poland, Battle of Liegnitz, 1241

http://www.juniorgeneral.org/liegnitz/liegnitz.html

Mongol Invasion of Hungary, 1241

http://www.hungary.com/corvinus/lib/thou/thou03.htm

Transylvania During the Mongol Invasion of Europe

http://www.hungary.com/corvinus/lib/kos/kos05.htm

Art of War under Chinggis Qahan (Genghis Khan)

Research into Mongol Art of War

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/onon.htm

Description of Mongol Warfare from Friar John of Plano Carpini

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/carpini.htm

Mongol Arms, Training, Organization, Strategy and Tactics

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/empsub2.html

The Mongol Invasion of the Middle East 1258 – 1260

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/sources/mongolsinmiddleeast.htm

Mamluks and Mongol: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/carpini.htm

Mongols Meet Their Match: The Battle of Ain-Jalut

http://www.strategypage.com/articles/default.asp?target=mongol.htm

Wars Timeline, 1200-1299

http://www.battlegames.co.uk/html/historyfiles/chrono_AD13th.htm

Mongol Armies

http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~kuijt/dba154/dba154.html

Characteristics of the Mongol Army

http://homepages.stuy.edu/~badgleyb/html_docs/mongolmight

Mongol Army, Khans, Commanders, Methods and Campaigns

http://home-4.worldonline.nl/~t543201/web-mongol/mongol-enter-index.htm

The Mongol War Machine, Chinggis Khan’s Genius for Organization

http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/mongol/Howdid3.html

The Horse Archer

http://www.carmensandiego.com/products/time/marcoc06/techwar.html

Mongolian Archery Technique

http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mngtchnq.htm

Mongolian and Tibetan Archery

http://www.atarn.org/letters/ltr_mar01.htm

Mongol Archer Photo

http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us./~vms/carlton/genghis18.jpg

Mongol Archer Illustration, Yuan Dynasty

http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/mongarch.jpg

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Yuan Dynasty – Mongol China – 1279 - 1368

Yuan Dynasty

http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/YUAN.HTM

Yuan China

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states1.html

Khubilai Khan and the Yuan Dynasty

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/18.htm

Khubilai Khan, 1215 – 1294

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/armies/kublai.html

The Legend of Khubilai Khan

http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/man.htm

Map of the Territory of the Yuan Dynasty

http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song-Yuan/mapYuan.JPG

Khubilai Khan’s Rule

http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/readings/r000159.htm

Khubilai Khan: The Last Great Ruler?

http://biphome.spray.se/coif/history/kublai/kublen07.html

Khubilai Khan and His Advisors

http://biphome.spray.se/coif/history/kublai/kublen05.html

Yuan Dynasty

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/later_imperial_china/yuan.html

Yuan Dynasty History Summary with Dynastic Chart

http://www.4reference.net/encyclopedias/wikipedia/Yuan_Dynasty.html

The Mongol Empire and the Yuan Dynasty

http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/map.htm

Family and Government in Yuan China: Foreign Innovation & Indigenous Transformation

http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess7.htm

Khubilai Khan’s Methods for Administration of China

http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/readings/r000159.htm

Yuan Dynastic Statutes of Government

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_mainframe1_8h.htm

Yuan Dynasty Social Economy

http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/yuan/social-economy.htm

Chinese Literati Under Mongol Rule

 http://mcel.pacificu.edu/aspac/papers/scholars/yanhong/yanhong.htm

“Dynastic Regulations for Sagacious Rulers of the Great Yuan”

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/collections/t009.htm

Economic Consequences of the Mongol Conquest of China

http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/H371/me24.pdf

Mongol Empire Expansion During Khubilai Khan’s Rule and Modern Day Globalization

http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/Fletcher/yuandynasty.pdf

Outline of Yuan Dynasty Policies On Government and People

http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%2012b.htm

Yuan Dynasty Paper Money Photograph

http://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=85

Mongol Administrative Rule of China Lesson Plan

http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/sum-inst/mongol.htm

Khubilai Khan in Battle, 1287 (Observations of Marco Polo)

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/khan.htm

Korea Under Mongol Control

http://history.korea.ac.kr/journal/vol1/pdf/mhk.PDF

Yuan and Ming Dynasties

http://www.san.beck.org/AC2-China.html

History of Phags-pa and Mongol Influence in Tibet

http://uk.geocities.com/BabelStone1357/hPhags-pa/Overview.html

Phaga-pa Alphabet

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/phagspa.htm

Mongol Administrative Seal from the Ministry of Rites in Phags-pa Script, Yuan Dynasty, 1287

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/e-grass09/selections5.htm

William of Rubruck’s Observations about the Mongols During Visit to Karakorum, 1251-1259

http://campus.northpark.edu/history//Classes/Sources/Rubruck.html

The Monks of Khubilai Khan, Life & Travels of Rabban Sauma

http://www.aina.org/books/mokk/mokk.htm

Reconstruction Images of Dadu – Xanadu,

(Later Beijing) The Capital of China Built By Khubilai Khan

http://www.taisei.co.jp/cg_e/ancient_world/daito/adaito.html

“Xanadu” Poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

http://www.stanford.edu/group/shl/Berlin/ecla/xanadu.html

Guo Shoujing – Eminent Scientist of the Yuan Dynasty

http://www.crienglish.com/636/2003-8-6/14@32015.htm

“Age of the Great Khans: Pluralism in Chinese Art & Culture Under the Mongols”

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m1_mainframe1_1.htm

Mongol Imperial Portraiture in the Yuan Dynasty

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_mainframe1_2.htm

Anige, Himalayan Artist in the Court of Khubilai Khan

http://www.msu.edu/course/ha/121/jinganige.htm

Yuan Dynasty Illustration of Khubilai Khan Hunting

http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/yuan/hunting.gif

Yuan Dynasty Zaju (Dramatic Performance Art Form)

http://www.chinavoc.com/magicn/yzaj.asp

Chinese Theatre During the Yuan Dynasty

http://www.san.beck.org/AC2-China.html#2

The Butterfly Dream, A Play by Guan Hanqing, Yuan Dynasty Playwright

http://china.tyfo.com/int/literature/collections/20001221butterfly.htm

Yuan Dynasty Art (1279-1368)

http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/china/yuan.html

Yuan Dynasty Art 1279-1368, Summary and Images

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yuan/hd_yuan.htm

Yuan Dynasty Artists and their Artworks

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m3_mainframe1_1.htm

Yuan Dynasty Paintings of Horses

http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/d04.htm

Yuan Dynasty Landscape Paintings

http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/painting/tptgyula.htm

Yuan Dynasty Chinese Brush Painting

http://www.moifa.bravehost.com/content/history/history_yuan.htm

Yuan Dynasty Ceramic Art

http://www.along2000.com.cn/art/html/art-09-e.htm

Chao Meng-fu, Yuan Dynasty Artist

http://www.chineseartnet.com/Nigensha/p12.htm

Huang Kung-Wang, Yuan Dynasty Landscape Artist

http://hkartclub.crosswinds.net/painting/painting315.html

Yuan Dynasty Literature

http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/wen/yuan.html

Tokyo National Museum Yuan Dynasty Art

http://www.tnm.jp//scripts/col/MON1.en.idc?Q=144270_______

Han-shan and Shi-de, Attributed to Yan Hui, Yuan Dynasty, 14th century

http://www.tnm.jp//scripts/col/MOI1.en.idc?X=TA148&Y=C0024511&Z=M

Grapes, Attributed to Ren Ren-Fa, Yuan Dunasty, 14th century

http://www.tnm.jp//scripts/col/MOI1.en.idc?X=TA122&Y=C0032435&Z=M

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Ilkhanid Dynasty – Mongol Iran – 1265 - 1335

Hulegu Khan Founder of the Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=42370

The Il-Khanate

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/ilkhanate.html

Hulegu’s Campaigns Summary

http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Islam/21.htm

Hulegu Khan’s Conquests Timeline

http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/chronology/mongolsmongols.html

Arghun Khan’s Letter to Philip the IV of France

http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter9/source274.html

Rashid ad-Din, A Genius Advisor at the Mongol Court

http://www.spongobongo.com/her9932.htm

Historians and Advisors of the Ilkhan’s Court

http://rbedrosian.com/Dft7t22.htm

An Account of Gregory Bar Hebraeus Abu al-Faraj and his Relations with the Mongols of Persia

http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol2No2/HV2N2GLane.html

Simeon of Qal’a Rumaita’s, a Priest-Physician at the Ilkhan Court

http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol4No1/HV4N1Takahashi.html

Hulegu Khan’s Coinage

http://mehmeteti.150m.com/ilkhanids/hulagu.htm

Ilkhanid Coins

http://www-cm.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/coins/east-west/gallery/gallery_46h.html

Ilkhanid Mongol Tent Image

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan9/hd_khan9.htm

The Arts of the Ilkhanid Period

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ilkh/hd_ilkh.htm

Art of the Book in the Ilkhanid Period

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan2/hd_khan2.htm

Developments of Arts in Iran Under the Mongols

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-03.asp

New Visual Language of Iran Created by the Mongols

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm

Images and Description of the Mongol Illustrated History,

The Jami al -Tavarikh, (Compendium of Chronicles by Rashid al-Din)

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan8/hd_khan8.htm

Long Lasting Aesthetic Influence of the Mongols on Persian Art

http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/lma.htm

Ilkhanid Buildings Style Image Archive

http://archnet.org/library/sites/sites.tcl?style=Il-Khanid

Tomb of Uljeytu in Sultaniya. Images of Interior & Exterior

http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=3782

Illustration, Hulagu Khan Destroys the Fort at Alamut

http://www.vmfa.state.va.us/worlds/worlds_hulagu_khan_68_8_53.html

Image of Takht-e-Sulayman Zaroastrian Sanctuary Rebuilt by Mongol Ilkhans

http://www.redtailcanyon.com/items/13316.aspx

Illustration Sections of the Court of Ghazan Khan

http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/costumes/costume.html

Illustrated Page from Rashid –ad-Din’s World History, 1

http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/about/bgallery/Gallery/records/eighteen/bg0049.htm

Illustrated Page from Rashid –ad-Din’s World History, 2

http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/about/bgallery/Gallery/records/eighteen/bg0050.htm

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Ulus Chaghatay - Mongol Central Asia - 1227 - 1363

Jagatai Khan (Chaghatay)

http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/J/Jagatai.asp

Jagatai (Chaghatay) Biography Summary

http://www.slider.com/enc/27000/Jagatai.htm

The Chaghataid Khanate

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/chagatai.html

Jagatai (Chaghatay) Khanate

http://drlee.org/mongolia/history7.html

Map of Chaghatay Khanate

http://www.taklamakan.org/history/jagatai.gif

Ibn Batuta and Ulus Chaghatay

http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta_Six.html

Chaghatay Khanate Dynastic Table

http://family-of-man.com/CatalogEnglish/Asia/Central_Asia/chaghatai_khanate.html

Chaghatay Khanate Period Ruins Images

http://www.belfun.com/Amaury/turfan_jiaohe.htm

Tomb of Buyan Quli Khan in Bukhara, c. 1905 - 1915, 24th Ruler of the Ulus Chaghatay, 1348 - 1358 http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/prok/02300/02324v.jpg

Chaghatay Ulus Administrative Order in Phags-pa Script with Chaghatay Mark

http://www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp/toyosi/sial/13-matsui.html

Chaghatayid Coins

http://users.rcn.com/j-roberts/cha.htm

Chaghatay period coinage

http://www.iles.umn.edu/faculty/bashiri/coins%20folder/coins.html

Jani Beg II Coinage

http://horde.charm.ru/janibekII.shtml

Chaghatay manuscripts British Library

http://www.bl.uk/collections/turkicmss.html

Ulus Chaghatay, Mongol or not?

http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/pubs/S1995E.pdf

Description of Chagatai Language

http://cf.linguistlist.org/cfdocs/new-website/LL-WorkingDirs/forms/langs/LLDescription.cfm?code=CGT

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Golden Horde – Mongol Russia – 1240 – 1480

Khanate of the Golden Horde

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states3.html

Khanate of the Golden Horde Dynastic Chart

http://family-of-man.com/CatalogEnglish/Europe/Russia/golden_horde.html

Golden Horde, from Encyclopedia

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Golden-Horde

Golden Horde Rulers Chronology

http://www.hostkingdom.net/mongols.html

Analysis of the name “Golden Horde”

http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/golden2.pdf

Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde), 1240 –1560’s

http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/Proceed97/Kotkin2.html

Batu Khan, Conqueror of Russia, 1206-1255

http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/batu.pdf

Berke Khan, Brother of Batu Khan

http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/berke.pdf

The Court of Batu Khan

http://citd.scar.utoronto.ca/HISB07/2.RM/SCMEDIA/2.L/2.BatuKhan.html

Golden Horde Summary from Wikpedia Encyclopedia

http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde

Mongol Invasion of Russia from Wikpedia Encyclopedia

http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Russia

Mongol Conquest and Rule of Russia

http://www.users.bigpond.com/billmastermind/moments25.htm

 The Golden Horde, Expansion of Mongol Rule Over Russia

http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/mongolia/mongolia30.html

Golden Horde Administrative Policies

http://members.tripod.com/~Groznijat/fadlan/rorlich3.html

“Yarlighs” – Imperial Mongol Regulatory Decrees Sent to Russian Princes

http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/iarlyk.pdf

Battle of Kulikovo, 1380, Mamai Attempts to Oust Tokhtamish Khan

http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/kulikovo.pdf

History of Galicia & Volhynia; Relations of Leo of Galicia with Khan Telebuga of the Golden Horde

http://www.personal.ceu.hu/students/97/Roman_Zakharii/gal.htm

Golden Horde (Shaybanid), Brief History and Coinage

http://users.rcn.com/j-roberts/gol.htm

Golden Horde; Archeological Museum Relics

http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/university/archeol/zolorda.htm

Treasures from the Golden Horde

http://www.cloudband.com/frames.mhtml/magazine/articles3q01/exh_gibbs_goldenhorde_0801.html

Golden Horde Art

http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_13.html

Golden Horde Relic Metropolitan Museum

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/waa/ho_38.96.htm

Golden Horde Coinage

http://horde.charm.ru/

Golden Horde Scholarship Comments and Critique

http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/pubs/IIUe2002.pdf

Golden Horde and Tatar Scholarly Articles

http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/ulipubs.htm

Golden Horde and Ibn Batuta

http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/ulipubs.htm

Russia and the Golden Horde: Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History

http://209.238.235.134/mongolia/russia.html

The Mongols and Russia

http://www.geographia.com/russia/rushis03.htm

After the Subjugation of Russia by the Mongols

http://citd.scar.utoronto.ca/HISB07/2.RM/RM.3.html

The Tatar Yoke (Russian view of Mongols)

http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/russia/lectures/07tartar.html

Rambaud on the Mongol Yoke

http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/RamTat.html

Mongol Influences on the Development of Russia

http://www.iusb.edu/~journal/2002/vogel_2/vogel.html

The Russians: Mongol or Byzantine Heritage

http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~aphamala/pe/issue4/rusidea.htm

Notes on Relations Between Mongols and the Armenian Church in the 13th Century

http://mongolempire.4t.com/cgi-bin/i/pic_gallery/g_liegnitz.jpg

Mongols in Armenia

http://www.virtualarmenia.am/lori/loriberd/loremedievalcity/mijnadaryanlorekaghak1.htm

Mongol Invasion of Russia

http://www.russiansabroad.com/russian_history_21.html

Khanate of the Crimea (Crimean Tatars)

http://family-of-man.com/CatalogEnglish/Europe/Russia/crimean_khanate.html

The Mongol Decline in Eurasia

http://drlee.org/mongol/r23.html

Moscuvy and the Mongols, (Book Review) Russian View of Mongol Period

http://www.dce.harvard.edu/pubs/alum/1998/16.html

Ethnic Diversity Among the Early Doukhbors

http://www.doukhobor.org/Ethnic.htm

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Mongol Invasions of Japan

Mongol Invasions of Japan Animated Map

http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/RAVINA/PROJECT/Maps/Mongols/Mongolinvasion3.html

Japan History Mongol Invasions

http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/japan/japan_history_mongol_invasions.html

Mongol Attempts to Invade Japan

http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/China/MongolJapan.CP.html

Khubilai Khan’s Lost Fleet (Found again)

http://www.abc.se/~m10354/mar/kublai.htm

Japanese Defense Walls Against Mongols Reconstructed

http://www.seinan-gu.ac.jp/university/english/living/mongol/d_walls/d_walls.htm

Mongol Invasions of Japan

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/PDFs/CONLAN.PDF

Assessment of the Impact of the Mongol Invasions of Japan

http://www.aasianst.org/absts/2000abst/Japan/J-167.htm

Scrolls of the Mongol Invasions Introduction

http://academic.bowdoin.edu/mongol_scrolls/introduction.shtml

Scrolls of the Mongol Invasion Illustration

http://academic.bowdoin.edu/mongol_scrolls/newdata/13_scene16.html

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Mongols in Southeast & Northeast Asia

Chronological Timeline of China, Korea and Japan

http://www.sba.muohio.edu/mis399/Student/Chronological%20View%20of%20Asia%20History.htm

Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Tibet, & Mongolia

http://www.friesian.com/perigoku.htm

Korea Under Mongol Control

http://history.korea.ac.kr/journal/vol1/pdf/mhk.PDF

Mongols & Western Asians in the Late Koryŏ Ruling Stratum

http://history.korea.ac.kr/journal/vol3/text3.htm

Mongol Horses in Korea

http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00419.x/abs/

Marco Polo’s Description of Mongol Invasion of Burma

http://www.myanmars.net/history/polo.htm

Mongol Campaigns in Vietnam

http://countrystudies.us/vietnam/9.htm

Vietnamese Commander Tran Hung Dao and his War with the Mongols

http://www.vietmedia.com/history/?L=tranhungdao.html

Vietnamese View of Mongol Invasions

http://www.nhandan.org.vn/english/history/230601history.html

Mongols in Java

http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit

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Post-Empire and Modern Mongolia

Decline of the Mongol Empire

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/22.htm

Mongols & Manchus

http://www.mongolia.org.hk/english/country_info/country_info-2-07.htm

Mongol & Manchu Invasion of China During the Ming Dynasty

http://students.ou.edu/N/Beng.H.Ng-1/Invasions.htm

Mongols, Jurchens, and Manchus

http://assets.cambridge.org/0521243343/sample/0521243343WS.pdf

Mongolia in Transition 1368-1911

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/23.htm

Altan Khan

http://www.4reference.net/encyclopedias/wikipedia/Altan_Khan_of_the_Khalkha.html

Dayan Khan

http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayan_Khan

Mongolia From 14th to 16th Centuries

http://www.extmin.mn/mongolia_from_the_14th_to_the_16.htm

Feudal Disintegration and Internecine Wars

http://www.mongolia.org.hk/english/country_info/country_info-2-06.htm

Manchu Emperor Kangshi and the Mongol Khans in the 1600’s

http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/china1/chapter12.html

Manchu Consolidation of Power

http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/H370/mp32.pdf

Mongolia From the 17th to 18th Centuries

http://www.extmin.mn/17th_18th_centuries.htm

Modern Mongolia 1911-1984

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/26.htm

Mongolia’s Statehood and Independence

http://www.un.int/mongolia/histdoc.htm

Damdiny Sukhbataar, Mongolian Revolutionary Hero

http://www.pjsymes.com.au/articles/suhbaatar.htm

Life of Zanabazar, First Bogdo Gegen of Mongolia

http://www.zanabazar.mn/Life/zanabazar.9.html

Mongolia’s Socialist Construction Under Tsedenbal, 1952- 84

http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/mongolia/mongolia_history_socialist_construction_under_tsedenbal_1952_84.html

Brief History of Mongolia

http://tps.dpi.state.nc.us/connectasia/mongolia/mogolia_history.htm

Introduction to the History of Mongolia

http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/history.htm

History of Mongolia

http://www.countryreports.org/history/mongohist.htm

Brief Summary of Khalkin-Gol War of 1939

http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/ml_027100_khalkingolba.htm

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 Mongolian Women in History

Portrait of Khubilai Khan’s Consort Chabi

http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_1pic_2.htm

Female Hero: Sorghaghtani Beki

http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine8.html

Heroines: Mongolian Women

http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/mongolian8.html

Women of the Mongol Court

http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/world-history/teaching/mongol/women.html

Names of Mongol Woman Royalty

http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/jessica-bonner/mongolwomen.html

Women in Mongol Society

http://www.hunmagyar.org/mongol/mongwom.html

Role of Women in the Mongol Empire

http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar1c.html

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Nomadic Civilization, Inner Asian History and Pastoral Nomadism

 

Nomads and Military History

http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_037600_nomads.htm

Hun, Pazyryk, Scythian, Bactrian, Vani, Merv, Central Asian History Brief

http://www.drummingnet.com/alekseev/ChapterVIII.html

History of Inner Asia

http://assets.cambridge.org/0521651697/sample/0521651697WSC00.pdf

Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Expansion Outline

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072424354/student_view0/chapter18/table_of_contents.html

Nomadic Empires & Eurasian Integration Outline

http://poneill.cocc.edu/Classes/HST105/HST105Syllabus/HST105Chapter+18/default.aspx

Eurasian Nomads

http://www.hostkingdom.net/siberia.html

Nomads: The Asiatic Background

http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Nomads.html

Central Asia - Center or Periphery?

http://www.passages.org.uk/essays/centralasia/

Barbarians Break the Roman Empire into East and West

http://www.abacci.com/history/history.aspx?historyID=58

Between Rome and China

http://www.abacci.com/history/history.aspx?historyID=53

The Huns and the End of the Western Empire

http://www.abacci.com/history/history.aspx?historyID=59

Pope Leo’s Historic Meeting with Attila the Hun, 452 A.D.

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/attila2.html

The Scythians

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/scythian.shtml

Herodotus on the Scythian Nomads, Chapter 4 Herodotus the Histories

http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/h/h4m/chapter4.html

Herodotus the Histories, Book 1 – Book 9

http://www.galileolibrary.com/ebooks/eu04/herodotus_toc.htm

Herodotus’ Conception of Foreign Languages

http://www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1998/harrison.html

Herodotus & the Archeology of the Amazons

http://www.mankato.msus.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/amazons/amazonarchaeology.html

Description of Transoxania in the Memoirs of Babur, First Mughal Emperor

http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/babur/babur1.html

The Role of Nomads in Core/Periphery Relations

http://www.etext.org/Politics/World.Systems/books/chase-dunn&hall/chap7.txt

Crisis of Cultural Identity in Mongolian Nomadic Civilization

http://ignca.nic.in/ls_03011.htm

Nomads At the Crossroads

http://www.newint.org/issue266/keynote.htm

Nomadism and Pastoralism Worldwide, History and Analysis

http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y2647E/y2647e02.htm

East Asian Civilizations: Pastoral Nomadism, Mongols, Manchus, Korea and China

http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/eas201/201-12.pdf

The Mongolian Pastoral Peoples

http://www.globalconnections.co.uk/pdfs/MONGOLPASTORAL.pdf

Sustaining Livelihoods with Livestock on the Mongolian Pastoral Commons

http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/03/44/dlc-00000344-00/sheehyd041000.pdf

Patterns of Subsistence: Pastoralism

http://anthro.palomar.edu/subsistence/sub_3.htm

 Horse and Pasture in Inner Asian History

http://www.upf.es/materials/huma/eo/seminaris/curs0203/lectures/sinor.htm

Ancient China and the Rise of Nomadic Power, Opening of the Eurasian Steppe at 2000 B.C., Origin of Horseback Riding,

http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/needham-anthony.html

Nomads - The Facts

http://www.newint.org/issue266/facts.htm

Nomads and Their Domesticated Animals

http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/animals/animals.html

Tibetan Nomad Animal Husbandry and Grazing Management Practices

http://uvalde.tamu.edu/rangel/feb99/miller.pdf

Tibetan Nomads Pastoral Production

http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/essays/Fao04.htm

Bactrian Camel Cart Photo

http://camelphotos.com/GraphicsP7/mongolia.jpg

The Mutual Influence of Nomad-Sedentary Relations

http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/01hist225/SRpap1.html

Interactions Between the Nomadic Cultures of Central Asia & China in the Middle Ages

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/szynkiewicz.shtml

The World of the Steppes, Ethnogenesis & State-Formation in Medieval/Early Modern Eurasia

http://gencturkler2.8m.com/WHO/golden.html

Climate Oscillations and Nomad Migrations

 http://www.ihdp.uni-bonn.de/html/publications/update/update00_01/IHDPUpdate00_01_research.htm

The Globalization of History: Climate, Nomads, and Mongols

http://www.cas.suffolk.edu/history/hansen/12_globalization_of_history.htm

Nomadic Eurasians, Archeological Analysis Articles

http://www.csen.org/BAR%20Book/02%20Part%201%20Theory.pdf

Traditional Dwellings of the Nomads: Gers/Yurts

http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/dwellings/dwellings.html

Nomad Tents – Evolution of the Mongolian Ger

http://home.centurytel.net/westernhorde/tents.html

Modern Mongolian Ger

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mongolia/mn02_04a.jpg

The Buryat Mongolian Ger

http://www.buryatmongol.com/ger.html

Central Asian Nomad Yurts/Gers (Kibitki)

http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Culture/Shifting_Boundaries/kibitki.html

Tent Dwellings of Native American Plains Indians, Eskimo, Siberians, & the Sami Nomads of Scandinavia

http://www.saunalahti.fi/~corander/tents.htm

The Mongolian Felt Tent

http://www.skidgel.com/work/mft/

Mongolian Nomads Method for Making Felt

http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/Felting/felting.html

The Textiles of Nomadic and Settled Peoples of Central Asia

http://www.phm.gov.au/hsc/textiles/textiles.htm

Mongolian White Foods, Description of Milk Products of the Nomadic Peoples of the Mongol Empire

http://www.9v.com/crystal/Mongolian%20White%20Foods.doc

Nomads People’s Traditional Food Sources

http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/food/food.html

Tibetan Nomads with Tent, Tolstoy Expedition 1942-43

http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/NomadTent.jpg

Tibetan Nomad Family, Tolstoy Expedition 1942-43

http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/Nomad.family.cooking.jpg

Turcoman Yurts

http://www.ummagurau.com/art/russia/yurts1.jpg

The Nomads, Man, Animal, Nature

http://ignca.nic.in/ps_01008.htm

An Economic Structure of the Xiongnu Nomads (Hsuingnu) Society

http://iimk.nw.ru/eng/themes/xiongnu/economics.htm

Neaderthals and Modern Humans in Central Asia and Siberia

http://www.neanderthal-modern.com/casiasib.htm#Top

DNA & the Peopling of Siberia

http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/peopling_siberia.html

The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes

http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2002_v70_p192-206.pdf

Volkswanderung

http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/000245.html

Samoyedic Peoples of the European Tundra

http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/samoyed.htm

The Sámi Nomads of Scandanavia

http://www.breitlingweb.de/PAGEBILD/SA_LNDe.HTM

Prehistoric Art: Early Nomads of the Altaic region

http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_2_7.html

Nomadic Art of the Eastern Eurasian Steppes

http://www.metmuseum.org/special/Golden%20Deer/golden_deer_images.htm

Exhibition: Nomadic Waves & Cultural Exchange on the Inner Mongolian Steppe

http://www.123soho.com/artgroup/national_palace_museum/1000/np_4ex7.htm

“Animal Style” and the Image of the Horse and Rider

http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/rubinson_abs.html

Rock Art in Central Asia, Mongolia and Siberia

http://rupestre.net/tracce/russib.html

Images of Art from Scythia, 10th – 4th century B.C

http://www.hp.uab.edu/image_archive/uj/ujf.html

Nomadic Art: The Scythians

http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/szkitaart.html

Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute (Eighteen Stanzas for the Barbarian Reed Pipe)

http://www.radcliffe.edu/fellowships/profiles/idema/gallery/intro.html

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Religious History of the Mongols

Shamanic Traditions of Mongols

http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/religion/religion2.html

Religion Among the Mongols of the Early Empire

http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%207b.htm

Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia

http://www.innermongolia.org/english/tibetan_buddhism.htm

History of Religion in Mongolia     

http://home.wanadoo.nl/archive/gvcom/monrelihys.htm

Religious Policies of Khubilai Khan

http://www.taklamakan.org/history/nestor3.html

The Assyrian Church in the Mongolian Empire

http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v13n2/missick.pdf

Old & New Trends in Religion Under the Toluids

http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%2011a.htm

Mongolian Shamanism

http://www.shamana.co.uk/mongolian_shamanism/

Shamanism in Mongolia and Tibet

http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/Magic.htm

Religion in Mongolia

http://www.mongoluls.net/shashin/monreli.htm

Religion and Rule in Early Modern Mongolia Abstracts

http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1998abst/china/c168.htm

Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism, Nationalism & Challenges to Chinese Sovereignty

http://www.intlstudies.ucsd.edu/iicas_research_papers/EmpireToNationII/Bulag.pdf

Buddhism in Mongolia After 1990

http://www.globalbuddhism.org/4/kollmar-paulenz03.htm

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Art of the Mongol Empire

The New Visual Language Created by the Mongols

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm

Legacy of Genghis Khan exhibition

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan1/hd_khan1.htm

Mongol and Central Asian Art

http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/millwarj/centralasiaimages.htm#3

Mongol Empire Art and Architecture

http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4216/chapitre12.htm

Yuan Dynasty Art (1279-1368)

http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/china/yuan.html

When Silk was Gold, Yuan Dynasty and Mongol Central Asia Textiles

http://antiquesandthearts.com/archive/silk.htm

Mongol Archer, Yuan Dynasty

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/mongarch.jpg

Mounted Mongol Archer by Yuan Dynasty Artist Liu Kuan-tao

http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/d03.htm

“River in Autumn”, Yuan Dynasty painting

http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/river1.gif

“Dwelling in the Fuqun Mountains”, Huang Gongwang, Yuan Dynasty

http://vandyck.anu.edu.au/work/teach/context/faculty-web.at.nwu.edu/art-history/fraser/b40/F1041/F-1041-063.JPEG

“Zhong Kui Travelling” by Gong Kai, Yuan Dynasty (In 3 Sections)

http://asianstudies.homestead.com/gongkai3.html

http://asianstudies.homestead.com/gongkai2.html

http://asianstudies.homestead.com/gongkai1.html

Mongol Saddle Arch in Gold, 13th Century, Golden Horde Dynasty

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-3.asp

Golden Horde Dynasty Tympanum, 14th – 15th Century

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/waa/ho_38.96.htm

Golden Horde, Belt Fitment of Gold, 13th – 14th Century

http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_13a.html

Yuan Dynasty Mandala with Mongol Rulers Portraits

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/eac/hob_1992.54.htm

Mongol Rider with Administrator, Yuan Dynasty Painting

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-1.asp

Yuan Dynasty Art in the Tokyo National Museum

http://www.tnm.jp/scripts/col/MON1.en.idc?Q=144270_______

Mongol Ruler and Queen Enthroned, Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/ul43.jpg

Ascension of Ogedei Khan from Rashid-ad Din’s Manuscript, Mongol Iran

http://mongolempire.4t.com/cgi-bin/i/pic_gallery/g_ogedeiasc.jpg

Ogedei Khan Portrait, National Palace Museum, Yuan Dynasty

http://mongolempire.4t.com/cgi-bin/i/pic_gallery/g_ogedeiport.jpg

Illustration of Genghis Khan Addressing Citizens of Bukhara

http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us./~vms/carlton/genghis20.jpg

Mughal Illustration of Genghis Khan Dividing His Empire

http://www.indianminiaturepainting.com/product/ME80/

Alanquva and Her Three Sons, from the Chingiznama of Rashid ad-Din, 1596, Mughal Dynasty

http://www.superluminal.com/cookbook/gallery_chingiznama.html

The Mongol Shahnama with Illustrations, Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_KLEIN/shahnama/

Theme of Enthronement in Shahnama, Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_KLEIN/shahnama/enthronmenthome.html

Theme of Mourning in Shahnama, Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_KLEIN/shahnama/deathhome.html

Black & White Illustration of Genghis Khan’s Tents, Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://www.currentmiddleages.org/tents/yurt1pic.htm

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Other Mongolian History Images

Mount Burkhan Khaldun, Which Gave Shelter to Genghis Khan

http: