Compiled by the Indo-Mongolian
Society of New York in 2004 www.MongolianCulture.com
Contents
History of the Mongols, Genghis
Khan – Chinggis Khan,
Mongol Military Campaigns,
Yuan Dynasty – Mongol China,
Ilkhanid Dynasty – Mongol Iran,
Ulus Chaghatay Dynasty
– Mongol Central Asia,
Golden Horde Dynasty
– Mongol Russia,
Mongol Invasions of Japan, Mongols
in South East Asia,
Post-Empire and Modern
Mongolia,
Nomadic Civilization
– Pastoral Nomadism & Inner Asian History,
Religious History of
the Mongols, Art of the Mongol Empire,
Other Mongolian History
Images, Other Articles About Mongolian History,
Mongol Empire Maps,
Mongolian History Timelines,
Central Asian Tribal
Groups History, Siberian Tribal Groups, The
Manchus,
The Silk Road, Silk
Road Art, Silk Road Frescoes of Dunhuang,
Historical Maps,
Period Photos: Mongol, Tibetan, Siberian and Central Asian Subjects,
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/4.htm
Ancestry of the Mongols
http://www.coldsiberia.org/ancestry.htm
The Secret History of the
Mongols Description
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_mainframe1_8g.htm
Mythical Elements in the “Secret
History of the Mongols”
http://www.asjapan.org/Lectures/1994/Lecture/lecture-1994-11.htm
http://ron.heavengames.com/gameinfo/nations/mongol/mongol.shtml
http://assets.cambridge.org/0521770203/sample/0521770203WS.PDF
Mongol Vision and Mandate
of World Conquest
http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/Proceed97/Kotkin1.html
How did the Mongols Link East
and West?
http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/mongol/Howdid2.html
The Period of Mongol Empire
http://www.extmin.mn/mongol_empire.htm
http://www.friesian.com/mongol.htm
History of the Mongol Empire
– List of Rulers
http://mongolempire.4t.com/r_rulers.htm
The “Pax Mongolica”
http://www.silk-road.com/artl/paxmongolica.shtml
Mongols in World History
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/
Mongol History
http://danielroy.tripod.com/cgi-bin/alternate/mongolia/history.html
The Mongol Empire
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/empire.html
Introduction to a History
of Mongolia
http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/history.htm
Encyclopedia History of Mongolia
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/History-of-Mongolia
History of Mongolia
http://www.countryreports.org/history/mongohist.htm
History of the Mongol Empire
http://mongolempire.4t.com/h3_risegenghis.htm
Mongol Taxation “Qubchi’ur” Chronology Outline
http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%2010b.htm
Mongolia FAQ
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~corff/mfaq-3.html
Virtual Mongol History
http://www.kiku.com/electric_samurai/virtual_mongol/history.html
Guyuk Khan, Mongol Great Khan
1246 – 1248
http://www.iranica.com/articles/v11f4/v11f4048.html
Reign of Kuyuk (Guyuk) Khan
http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/mongolia/mongolia25.html
Güyük Khan’s Letter to the
Pope Innocent the IV
http://www.heritagemadison.org/guyuk.htm
John of Plano Carpini the
Pope’s Envoy Travels to the Court of Güyük Khan
http://www.silk-road.com/artl/carrub.shtml
Medieval European Views of
the Mongols
http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/readings/marshall.html
Persian Views of the Mongols and Europeans
http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst372/readings/morgan1.html
European and Mongol Relations
in the 13th Century
http://www.luc.edu/publications/medieval/vol2/2ch13.html
Europe and the Vatican’s Perspectives
on the Mongol Empire Expansion
http://www.mille.org/publications/summer98/fschmieder.pdf
Marco Polo’s Travels to Mongolia
http://www.heritagemadison.org/marco_polo3.htm
Marco Polo’s Descriptions of Mongol Customs
http://ias.berkeley.edu/orias/MarcoPolo/station3Tartars.html
In the Footsteps of Marco
Polo Exhibition Resources (Virtual Journey)
http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Marco/get.html
Did Marco Polo Go to China?
A Critical Appraisal by Prof. I. De Rachewiltz
http://rspas.anu.edu.au/eah/Marcopolo.html
Thomas of Splato and the Mongols:
A Thirteenth Century Dalmatian
View of Mongol Customs
http://www.uwo.ca/english/florilegium/volumes/vol2/sweeney.html
Grigor of Akner’s Account
of the Mongols in Armenia and Georgia
Armenian Historical Accounts
of the Mongol Empire
http://rbedrosian.com/dsources.htm
Rabban Sauma, A Nestorian
Christian Envoy to the Court of Khubilai Khan
http://www.uoregon.edu/~sshoemak/324/texts/monks_of_kubla_khan.htm
The “Barbarian Invaders”
http://www.silk-road.com/artl/barbarian.shtml
A 13th Century
Description of the “Tatars” (Mongols)
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tartars.html
Great Wall of China 1
http://www.w-i-n.ws/great_wall_of_china.htm
http://www.jadedragon.com/archives/arts/greatwal.html
Photos of Great Wall
http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/gtwall-1.gif
http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/gtwall-2.gif
Description of the “Tugh”,
Mongol Imperial Yak Tail Standard by Babur
http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/babur/babur1.html#stand
The “Yam”, Mongol Empire Communication
System
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Pantheon/3055/comm.htm
Marco Polo’s Description of
the “Yam”
http://ias.berkeley.edu/orias/MarcoPolo/postalsystem.html
The Medieval Mongol Lifestyle
http://web3.woodbury.edu/faculty/dcremer/wldciv1/mongol/lifestyl.htm
The Horse in Mongolian Culture
http://biobulletin.amnh.org/D/2/2/
Unesco History of Mongolia
http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4218/chapitre9.htm
The Mongols: A Culture of
Conquest
http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~idixonmc/mongols.html
Mongol Imperialism and Colonial
Ideology
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar1c.html
Impact of Mongols on Trade
Networks
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar7.html
Legacy of the Mongols
http://members.tripod.com/~whitebard/ca7.htm
How the Mongol Empire has
Affected the World
http://www.acu.edu:9090/~armstrongl/geography/mongol.htm
Mongol Contributions to Technology
http://www.cmi.k12.il.us/~beuschlo/timeline/jcuffey.html
What were the Long Term Implications
of Mongol Rule?
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar1b.html
Successors of Genghis Khan
and their Coins
http://www.hordecoins.folgat.net/e_horde.htm
Genghis
Genghis Khan 1165-1227
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/empsub1.html
Genghis Khan (Temujin) 1162?
– 1227, Founder of the Mongol Empire
http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_020000_genghiskhan.htm
On Chinggis Khaan
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~corff/im/Landeskunde/CK.html
The Era of Chinggis Khan,
1206 - 1227
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/10.htm
Temujin, aka Jenghiz (Genghis,
Chinggis) Khan
http://www.houseofice.com/history/khan_longVersion.shtml
Treasures of Genghis Khan
http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2002-09/treasures.html
Genghis Khan’s “Yasa”
http://www.hunmagyar.org/mongol/yasa.html
Excerpts About Genghis Khan’s
“Yasa” from Juvaini’s, “History
of the World Conqueror”
http://www.upf.es/materials/huma/xinamon/docums/juvaini.htm
Governing Policies of Genghis
Khan Brief Summary
http://web3.woodbury.edu/faculty/dcremer/wldciv1/mongol/govern.htm
Genghis Khan, Father of Mongolian
Democracy
http://www.mongolianculture.com/PaulaL-Sabloff.htm
The Land of Genghis Khan (National
Geographic)
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/genghis/index.html
Genghis Khan, Military and
Organizational Genius
http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/China/save/iverson/iverson.htm
Genghis Khan, the Mongols
and Asia
http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h11mon.htm
Genghis Khan Virtual Exhibit
http://www.pma.edmonton.ab.ca/vexhibit/genghis/biog.htm
Genghis Khan’s Dynastic Chart
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/intro3.html
Changing Perceptions of Genghis
Khan in Mongolia
http://hcs.harvard.edu/~hapr/winter00_millenium/Genghis.html
Genealogical Table of Genghis
Khan and Descendents
http://members.tripod.com/~whitebard/genealgy.gif
Succession After Chinggis
Khan
http://biphome.spray.se/coif/history/kublai/kublen04.html
Images of Genghis Khan and
Sons Family Tree
http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us./~vms/carlton/genghis8.jpg
Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming
Genghis Khan Exhibition Resources
http://www.museum.upenn.edu/Mongolia/section2a.shtml
The Treasure of Genghis Khan
http://www.neh.gov/news/humanities/2002-09/treasures.html
The Legacy of Genghis Khan
Exhibition Resources, Los Angles
http://www.lacma.org/khan/index_flash.htm
Legacy of Genghis Khan Exhibition
Resources, MET Museum, New York
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan1/hd_khan1.htm
Mongol Military Campaigns
Mongol Conquest of China 1
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/11.htm
Mongol Conquest of China 2
http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/china1/chapter6.html
Beijing is Captured by the
Mongols, 1214
http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/China/BeijingMongols.CP.html
Mongol Conquest of Khwarizm
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/12.htm
Last Campaign of Genghis Khan
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/13.htm
Mongol Invasion of Europe
http://historymedren.about.com/library/prm/bl1mongolinvasion.htm
The Mongol Invasion of Europe,
1222 - 1242
http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/WestEurope/MongolEurope.CP.html
Subedai’s Campaigns in Europe
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/15.htm
Mongol Campaigns in the Ukraine
http://home.swipnet.se/roland/mongols.html
The Battle of Mohi (Muhi)
in Hungary, 1241
http://home-4.worldonline.nl/~t543201/web-mongol/mongol-mohi.htm
Mongol Invasion of Poland,
Battle of Liegnitz, 1241
http://www.juniorgeneral.org/liegnitz/liegnitz.html
Mongol Invasion of Hungary,
1241
http://www.hungary.com/corvinus/lib/thou/thou03.htm
Transylvania During the Mongol
Invasion of Europe
http://www.hungary.com/corvinus/lib/kos/kos05.htm
Art of War under Chinggis
Qahan (Genghis Khan)
Research into Mongol Art of
War
http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/ARTICLES/onon.htm
http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/carpini.htm
Mongol Arms, Training, Organization,
Strategy and Tactics
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/empsub2.html
The Mongol Invasion of the
Middle East 1258 – 1260
http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/sources/mongolsinmiddleeast.htm
Mamluks and Mongol: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid
War, 1260-1281
http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/carpini.htm
Mongols Meet Their Match:
The Battle of Ain-Jalut
http://www.strategypage.com/articles/default.asp?target=mongol.htm
Wars Timeline, 1200-1299
http://www.battlegames.co.uk/html/historyfiles/chrono_AD13th.htm
Mongol Armies
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~kuijt/dba154/dba154.html
Characteristics of the Mongol
Army
http://homepages.stuy.edu/~badgleyb/html_docs/mongolmight
Mongol Army, Khans, Commanders,
Methods and Campaigns
http://home-4.worldonline.nl/~t543201/web-mongol/mongol-enter-index.htm
The Mongol War Machine, Chinggis
Khan’s Genius for Organization
http://www.globaled.org/nyworld/materials/mongol/Howdid3.html
The Horse Archer
http://www.carmensandiego.com/products/time/marcoc06/techwar.html
Mongolian Archery Technique
http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mngtchnq.htm
Mongolian and Tibetan Archery
http://www.atarn.org/letters/ltr_mar01.htm
Mongol Archer Photo
http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us./~vms/carlton/genghis18.jpg
Mongol Archer Illustration,
Yuan Dynasty
http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/mongarch.jpg
Yuan Dynasty
http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHEMPIRE/YUAN.HTM
Yuan China
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states1.html
Khubilai Khan and the Yuan
Dynasty
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/18.htm
Khubilai Khan, 1215 – 1294
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/armies/kublai.html
The Legend of Khubilai Khan
http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/man.htm
Map of the Territory of the
Yuan Dynasty
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Song-Yuan/mapYuan.JPG
Khubilai Khan’s Rule
http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/readings/r000159.htm
Khubilai Khan: The Last Great
Ruler?
http://biphome.spray.se/coif/history/kublai/kublen07.html
Khubilai Khan and His Advisors
http://biphome.spray.se/coif/history/kublai/kublen05.html
Yuan Dynasty
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/later_imperial_china/yuan.html
Yuan Dynasty History Summary
with Dynastic Chart
http://www.4reference.net/encyclopedias/wikipedia/Yuan_Dynasty.html
The Mongol Empire and the
Yuan Dynasty
http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/map.htm
Family and Government in Yuan
China: Foreign Innovation & Indigenous Transformation
http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1995abst/china/csess7.htm
Khubilai Khan’s Methods for
Administration of China
http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/readings/r000159.htm
Yuan Dynastic Statutes of
Government
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_mainframe1_8h.htm
Yuan Dynasty Social Economy
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/yuan/social-economy.htm
http://mcel.pacificu.edu/aspac/papers/scholars/yanhong/yanhong.htm
“Dynastic Regulations for
Sagacious Rulers of the Great Yuan”
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/collections/t009.htm
Economic
Consequences of the Mongol Conquest of China
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/H371/me24.pdf
Mongol Empire Expansion During
Khubilai Khan’s Rule and Modern Day Globalization
http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/Fletcher/yuandynasty.pdf
Outline of Yuan Dynasty Policies
On Government and People
http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%2012b.htm
Yuan Dynasty Paper Money Photograph
http://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=85
Mongol Administrative Rule
of China Lesson Plan
http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/sum-inst/mongol.htm
Khubilai Khan in Battle, 1287
(Observations of Marco Polo)
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/khan.htm
Korea Under Mongol Control
http://history.korea.ac.kr/journal/vol1/pdf/mhk.PDF
Yuan and Ming Dynasties
http://www.san.beck.org/AC2-China.html
History of Phags-pa and Mongol
Influence in Tibet
http://uk.geocities.com/BabelStone1357/hPhags-pa/Overview.html
Phaga-pa Alphabet
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/phagspa.htm
Mongol Administrative Seal
from the Ministry of Rites in Phags-pa Script, Yuan Dynasty, 1287
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/e-grass09/selections5.htm
William of Rubruck’s Observations
about the Mongols During Visit to Karakorum, 1251-1259
http://campus.northpark.edu/history//Classes/Sources/Rubruck.html
The Monks of Khubilai Khan,
Life & Travels of Rabban Sauma
http://www.aina.org/books/mokk/mokk.htm
Reconstruction Images of Dadu
– Xanadu,
(Later Beijing) The Capital of China Built By Khubilai Khan
http://www.taisei.co.jp/cg_e/ancient_world/daito/adaito.html
“Xanadu” Poem by Samuel Taylor
Coleridge
http://www.stanford.edu/group/shl/Berlin/ecla/xanadu.html
Guo Shoujing – Eminent Scientist
of the Yuan Dynasty
http://www.crienglish.com/636/2003-8-6/14@32015.htm
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m1_mainframe1_1.htm
Mongol Imperial Portraiture
in the Yuan Dynasty
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_mainframe1_2.htm
Anige, Himalayan Artist in
the Court of Khubilai Khan
http://www.msu.edu/course/ha/121/jinganige.htm
Yuan Dynasty Illustration
of Khubilai Khan Hunting
http://www.history.ubc.ca/lshin/teaching/images/yuan/hunting.gif
Yuan Dynasty Zaju (Dramatic
Performance Art Form)
http://www.chinavoc.com/magicn/yzaj.asp
Chinese Theatre During the
Yuan Dynasty
http://www.san.beck.org/AC2-China.html#2
http://china.tyfo.com/int/literature/collections/20001221butterfly.htm
Yuan Dynasty Art (1279-1368)
http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/china/yuan.html
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m3_mainframe1_1.htm
Yuan Dynasty Paintings of Horses
http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/d04.htm
http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/painting/tptgyula.htm
Yuan Dynasty Chinese Brush Painting
http://www.moifa.bravehost.com/content/history/history_yuan.htm
Yuan Dynasty Ceramic Art
http://www.along2000.com.cn/art/html/art-09-e.htm
Chao Meng-fu, Yuan Dynasty
Artist
http://www.chineseartnet.com/Nigensha/p12.htm
Huang Kung-Wang, Yuan Dynasty
Landscape Artist
http://hkartclub.crosswinds.net/painting/painting315.html
http://www.angelfire.com/journal2/wen/yuan.html
Tokyo National Museum Yuan
Dynasty Art
http://www.tnm.jp//scripts/col/MON1.en.idc?Q=144270_______
Han-shan and Shi-de, Attributed
to Yan Hui, Yuan Dynasty, 14th century
http://www.tnm.jp//scripts/col/MOI1.en.idc?X=TA148&Y=C0024511&Z=M
Grapes, Attributed to Ren
Ren-Fa, Yuan Dunasty, 14th century
http://www.tnm.jp//scripts/col/MOI1.en.idc?X=TA122&Y=C0032435&Z=M
Hulegu Khan Founder of the
Ilkhanid Dynasty
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=42370
The Il-Khanate
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/ilkhanate.html
Hulegu’s Campaigns Summary
http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Islam/21.htm
Hulegu Khan’s Conquests Timeline
http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/chronology/mongolsmongols.html
Arghun Khan’s Letter to Philip
the IV of France
http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter9/source274.html
Rashid ad-Din, A Genius Advisor
at the Mongol Court
http://www.spongobongo.com/her9932.htm
Historians and Advisors of
the Ilkhan’s Court
http://rbedrosian.com/Dft7t22.htm
An Account of Gregory Bar
Hebraeus Abu al-Faraj and his Relations with the Mongols of Persia
http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol2No2/HV2N2GLane.html
Simeon of Qal’a Rumaita’s,
a Priest-Physician at the Ilkhan Court
http://syrcom.cua.edu/Hugoye/Vol4No1/HV4N1Takahashi.html
Hulegu Khan’s Coinage
http://mehmeteti.150m.com/ilkhanids/hulagu.htm
http://www-cm.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/coins/east-west/gallery/gallery_46h.html
Ilkhanid Mongol Tent Image
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan9/hd_khan9.htm
The Arts of the Ilkhanid Period
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ilkh/hd_ilkh.htm
Art of the Book in the Ilkhanid
Period
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan2/hd_khan2.htm
Developments of Arts in Iran
Under the Mongols
http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-03.asp
New Visual Language of Iran
Created by the Mongols
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm
Images and Description of
the Mongol Illustrated History,
The Jami al -Tavarikh, (Compendium
of Chronicles by Rashid al-Din)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan8/hd_khan8.htm
Long Lasting Aesthetic Influence
of the Mongols on Persian Art
http://www.lacma.org/islamic_art/lma.htm
Ilkhanid Buildings Style Image
Archive
http://archnet.org/library/sites/sites.tcl?style=Il-Khanid
Tomb of Uljeytu in Sultaniya.
Images of Interior & Exterior
http://archnet.org/library/images/thumbnails.tcl?location_id=3782
Illustration, Hulagu Khan
Destroys the Fort at Alamut
http://www.vmfa.state.va.us/worlds/worlds_hulagu_khan_68_8_53.html
Image of Takht-e-Sulayman
Zaroastrian Sanctuary Rebuilt by Mongol Ilkhans
http://www.redtailcanyon.com/items/13316.aspx
Illustration Sections of the
Court of Ghazan Khan
http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/costumes/costume.html
Illustrated Page from Rashid
–ad-Din’s World History, 1
http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/about/bgallery/Gallery/records/eighteen/bg0049.htm
Illustrated Page from Rashid
–ad-Din’s World History, 2
http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/about/bgallery/Gallery/records/eighteen/bg0050.htm
Jagatai Khan (Chaghatay)
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/J/Jagatai.asp
Jagatai (Chaghatay) Biography
Summary
http://www.slider.com/enc/27000/Jagatai.htm
The Chaghataid Khanate
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/chagatai.html
Jagatai (Chaghatay) Khanate
http://drlee.org/mongolia/history7.html
Map of Chaghatay Khanate
http://www.taklamakan.org/history/jagatai.gif
Ibn Batuta and Ulus Chaghatay
http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Ibn_Battuta/Battuta_Six.html
Chaghatay Khanate Dynastic
Table
http://family-of-man.com/CatalogEnglish/Asia/Central_Asia/chaghatai_khanate.html
Chaghatay Khanate Period Ruins
Images
http://www.belfun.com/Amaury/turfan_jiaohe.htm
Tomb of Buyan Quli Khan in
Bukhara, c. 1905 - 1915, 24th Ruler of the Ulus Chaghatay, 1348
- 1358 http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/prok/02300/02324v.jpg
Chaghatay Ulus Administrative
Order in Phags-pa Script with Chaghatay Mark
http://www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp/toyosi/sial/13-matsui.html
Chaghatayid Coins
http://users.rcn.com/j-roberts/cha.htm
Chaghatay period coinage
http://www.iles.umn.edu/faculty/bashiri/coins%20folder/coins.html
Jani Beg II Coinage
http://horde.charm.ru/janibekII.shtml
Chaghatay manuscripts British
Library
http://www.bl.uk/collections/turkicmss.html
Ulus Chaghatay, Mongol or
not?
http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/pubs/S1995E.pdf
Description of Chagatai Language
http://cf.linguistlist.org/cfdocs/new-website/LL-WorkingDirs/forms/langs/LLDescription.cfm?code=CGT
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/states3.html
Khanate of the Golden Horde
Dynastic Chart
http://family-of-man.com/CatalogEnglish/Europe/Russia/golden_horde.html
Golden Horde, from Encyclopedia
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Golden-Horde
Golden Horde Rulers Chronology
http://www.hostkingdom.net/mongols.html
Analysis of the name “Golden
Horde”
http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/golden2.pdf
Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde),
1240 –1560’s
http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/Proceed97/Kotkin2.html
Batu Khan, Conqueror of Russia,
1206-1255
http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/batu.pdf
http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/berke.pdf
The Court of Batu Khan
http://citd.scar.utoronto.ca/HISB07/2.RM/SCMEDIA/2.L/2.BatuKhan.html
Golden Horde Summary from
Wikpedia Encyclopedia
http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Horde
Mongol Invasion of Russia
from Wikpedia Encyclopedia
http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Russia
Mongol Conquest and Rule of Russia
http://www.users.bigpond.com/billmastermind/moments25.htm
The Golden Horde, Expansion of Mongol Rule Over Russia
http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/mongolia/mongolia30.html
Golden Horde Administrative
Policies
http://members.tripod.com/~Groznijat/fadlan/rorlich3.html
“Yarlighs” – Imperial Mongol
Regulatory Decrees Sent to Russian Princes
http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/iarlyk.pdf
Battle of Kulikovo, 1380,
Mamai Attempts to Oust Tokhtamish Khan
http://hudce7.harvard.edu/~ostrowski/mm/kulikovo.pdf
History of Galicia & Volhynia;
Relations of Leo of Galicia with Khan Telebuga of the Golden Horde
http://www.personal.ceu.hu/students/97/Roman_Zakharii/gal.htm
Golden Horde (Shaybanid),
Brief History and Coinage
http://users.rcn.com/j-roberts/gol.htm
Golden Horde; Archeological
Museum Relics
http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/university/archeol/zolorda.htm
Treasures from the Golden
Horde
http://www.cloudband.com/frames.mhtml/magazine/articles3q01/exh_gibbs_goldenhorde_0801.html
Golden Horde Art
http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_13.html
Golden Horde Relic Metropolitan
Museum
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/waa/ho_38.96.htm
Golden Horde Coinage
Golden Horde Scholarship Comments
and Critique
http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/pubs/IIUe2002.pdf
Golden Horde and Tatar Scholarly
Articles
http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/ulipubs.htm
Golden Horde and Ibn Batuta
http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/ulipubs.htm
Russia and the Golden Horde:
Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History
http://209.238.235.134/mongolia/russia.html
The Mongols and Russia
http://www.geographia.com/russia/rushis03.htm
After the Subjugation of Russia
by the Mongols
http://citd.scar.utoronto.ca/HISB07/2.RM/RM.3.html
The Tatar Yoke (Russian view
of Mongols)
http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/russia/lectures/07tartar.html
Rambaud on the Mongol Yoke
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/RamTat.html
Mongol Influences on the Development
of Russia
http://www.iusb.edu/~journal/2002/vogel_2/vogel.html
The Russians: Mongol or Byzantine
Heritage
http://www.cc.jyu.fi/~aphamala/pe/issue4/rusidea.htm
Notes on Relations Between
Mongols and the Armenian Church in the 13th Century
http://mongolempire.4t.com/cgi-bin/i/pic_gallery/g_liegnitz.jpg
Mongols in Armenia
http://www.virtualarmenia.am/lori/loriberd/loremedievalcity/mijnadaryanlorekaghak1.htm
Mongol Invasion of Russia
http://www.russiansabroad.com/russian_history_21.html
Khanate of the Crimea (Crimean Tatars)
http://family-of-man.com/CatalogEnglish/Europe/Russia/crimean_khanate.html
The Mongol Decline in Eurasia
http://drlee.org/mongol/r23.html
Moscuvy and the Mongols, (Book
Review) Russian View of Mongol Period
http://www.dce.harvard.edu/pubs/alum/1998/16.html
Ethnic Diversity Among the
Early Doukhbors
http://www.doukhobor.org/Ethnic.htm
Mongol Invasions of Japan
Animated Map
http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/RAVINA/PROJECT/Maps/Mongols/Mongolinvasion3.html
Japan History Mongol Invasions
http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/japan/japan_history_mongol_invasions.html
Mongol Attempts to Invade
Japan
http://campus.northpark.edu/history/WebChron/China/MongolJapan.CP.html
Khubilai Khan’s Lost Fleet
(Found again)
http://www.abc.se/~m10354/mar/kublai.htm
Japanese Defense Walls Against
Mongols Reconstructed
http://www.seinan-gu.ac.jp/university/english/living/mongol/d_walls/d_walls.htm
Mongol Invasions of Japan
http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/PDFs/CONLAN.PDF
Assessment of the Impact of
the Mongol Invasions of Japan
http://www.aasianst.org/absts/2000abst/Japan/J-167.htm
Scrolls of the Mongol Invasions
Introduction
http://academic.bowdoin.edu/mongol_scrolls/introduction.shtml
Scrolls of the Mongol Invasion
Illustration
http://academic.bowdoin.edu/mongol_scrolls/newdata/13_scene16.html
Chronological Timeline of
China, Korea and Japan
http://www.sba.muohio.edu/mis399/Student/Chronological%20View%20of%20Asia%20History.htm
Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia,
Tibet, & Mongolia
http://www.friesian.com/perigoku.htm
Korea Under Mongol Control
http://history.korea.ac.kr/journal/vol1/pdf/mhk.PDF
Mongols & Western Asians
in the Late Koryŏ Ruling Stratum
http://history.korea.ac.kr/journal/vol3/text3.htm
Mongol Horses in Korea
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2052.1999.00419.x/abs/
Marco Polo’s Description of
Mongol Invasion of Burma
http://www.myanmars.net/history/polo.htm
Mongol Campaigns in Vietnam
http://countrystudies.us/vietnam/9.htm
Vietnamese Commander Tran
Hung Dao and his War with the Mongols
http://www.vietmedia.com/history/?L=tranhungdao.html
Vietnamese View of Mongol
Invasions
http://www.nhandan.org.vn/english/history/230601history.html
Mongols in Java
http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit
Decline of the Mongol Empire
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/22.htm
Mongols & Manchus
http://www.mongolia.org.hk/english/country_info/country_info-2-07.htm
Mongol & Manchu Invasion
of China During the Ming Dynasty
http://students.ou.edu/N/Beng.H.Ng-1/Invasions.htm
Mongols, Jurchens, and Manchus
http://assets.cambridge.org/0521243343/sample/0521243343WS.pdf
Mongolia in Transition 1368-1911
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/23.htm
Altan Khan
http://www.4reference.net/encyclopedias/wikipedia/Altan_Khan_of_the_Khalkha.html
Dayan Khan
http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayan_Khan
Mongolia From 14th
to 16th Centuries
http://www.extmin.mn/mongolia_from_the_14th_to_the_16.htm
Feudal Disintegration and
Internecine Wars
http://www.mongolia.org.hk/english/country_info/country_info-2-06.htm
Manchu Emperor Kangshi and
the Mongol Khans in the 1600’s
http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/china1/chapter12.html
Manchu Consolidation of Power
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/H370/mp32.pdf
Mongolia From the 17th
to 18th Centuries
http://www.extmin.mn/17th_18th_centuries.htm
Modern Mongolia 1911-1984
http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/26.htm
Mongolia’s Statehood and Independence
http://www.un.int/mongolia/histdoc.htm
Damdiny Sukhbataar, Mongolian
Revolutionary Hero
http://www.pjsymes.com.au/articles/suhbaatar.htm
Life of Zanabazar, First Bogdo
Gegen of Mongolia
http://www.zanabazar.mn/Life/zanabazar.9.html
Mongolia’s Socialist Construction
Under Tsedenbal, 1952- 84
Brief History of Mongolia
http://tps.dpi.state.nc.us/connectasia/mongolia/mogolia_history.htm
Introduction to the History
of Mongolia
http://www.indiana.edu/~mongsoc/mong/history.htm
History of Mongolia
http://www.countryreports.org/history/mongohist.htm
Brief Summary of Khalkin-Gol
War of 1939
http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/ml_027100_khalkingolba.htm
Portrait of Khubilai Khan’s
Consort Chabi
http://www.npm.gov.tw/english/exhbition/eage1010/m2_1pic_2.htm
Female Hero: Sorghaghtani
Beki
http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine8.html
Heroines: Mongolian Women
http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/mongolian8.html
Women of the Mongol Court
http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/world-history/teaching/mongol/women.html
Names of Mongol Woman Royalty
http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/jessica-bonner/mongolwomen.html
Women in Mongol Society
http://www.hunmagyar.org/mongol/mongwom.html
Role of Women in the Mongol
Empire
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/Mongols/scholar1c.html
Nomads and Military History
http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/mil/html/mh_037600_nomads.htm
Hun, Pazyryk, Scythian, Bactrian,
Vani, Merv, Central Asian History Brief
http://www.drummingnet.com/alekseev/ChapterVIII.html
History of Inner Asia
http://assets.cambridge.org/0521651697/sample/0521651697WSC00.pdf
Nomadic Empires and Eurasian
Expansion Outline
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072424354/student_view0/chapter18/table_of_contents.html
Nomadic Empires & Eurasian
Integration Outline
http://poneill.cocc.edu/Classes/HST105/HST105Syllabus/HST105Chapter+18/default.aspx
Eurasian Nomads
http://www.hostkingdom.net/siberia.html
Nomads: The Asiatic Background
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Nomads.html
Central Asia - Center or Periphery?
http://www.passages.org.uk/essays/centralasia/
Barbarians Break the Roman
Empire into East and West
http://www.abacci.com/history/history.aspx?historyID=58
Between Rome and China
http://www.abacci.com/history/history.aspx?historyID=53
The Huns and the End of the
Western Empire
http://www.abacci.com/history/history.aspx?historyID=59
Pope Leo’s Historic Meeting
with Attila the Hun, 452 A.D.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/attila2.html
The Scythians
http://www.silk-road.com/artl/scythian.shtml
Herodotus on the Scythian
Nomads, Chapter 4 Herodotus the Histories
http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/h/h4m/chapter4.html
Herodotus the Histories, Book
1 – Book 9
http://www.galileolibrary.com/ebooks/eu04/herodotus_toc.htm
Herodotus’ Conception of Foreign
Languages
http://www.dur.ac.uk/Classics/histos/1998/harrison.html
Herodotus & the Archeology
of the Amazons
http://www.mankato.msus.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/amazons/amazonarchaeology.html
Description of Transoxania
in the Memoirs of Babur, First Mughal Emperor
http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/babur/babur1.html
The Role of Nomads in Core/Periphery
Relations
http://www.etext.org/Politics/World.Systems/books/chase-dunn&hall/chap7.txt
Crisis of Cultural Identity
in Mongolian Nomadic Civilization
http://ignca.nic.in/ls_03011.htm
Nomads At the Crossroads
http://www.newint.org/issue266/keynote.htm
Nomadism and Pastoralism Worldwide,
History and Analysis
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y2647E/y2647e02.htm
East Asian Civilizations:
Pastoral Nomadism, Mongols, Manchus, Korea and China
http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~kaplan/eas201/201-12.pdf
The Mongolian Pastoral Peoples
http://www.globalconnections.co.uk/pdfs/MONGOLPASTORAL.pdf
Sustaining Livelihoods with
Livestock on the Mongolian Pastoral Commons
http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/documents/dir0/00/00/03/44/dlc-00000344-00/sheehyd041000.pdf
Patterns of Subsistence: Pastoralism
http://anthro.palomar.edu/subsistence/sub_3.htm
Horse and Pasture in Inner Asian History
http://www.upf.es/materials/huma/eo/seminaris/curs0203/lectures/sinor.htm
Ancient China and the Rise
of Nomadic Power, Opening of the Eurasian Steppe at 2000 B.C., Origin of Horseback
Riding,
http://users.cyberone.com.au/myers/needham-anthony.html
Nomads - The Facts
http://www.newint.org/issue266/facts.htm
Nomads and Their Domesticated
Animals
http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/animals/animals.html
Tibetan Nomad Animal Husbandry
and Grazing Management Practices
http://uvalde.tamu.edu/rangel/feb99/miller.pdf
Tibetan Nomads Pastoral Production
http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/essays/Fao04.htm
Bactrian Camel Cart Photo
http://camelphotos.com/GraphicsP7/mongolia.jpg
The Mutual Influence of Nomad-Sedentary
Relations
http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/01hist225/SRpap1.html
Interactions Between the Nomadic
Cultures of Central Asia & China in the Middle Ages
http://www.silk-road.com/artl/szynkiewicz.shtml
The World of the Steppes,
Ethnogenesis & State-Formation in Medieval/Early Modern Eurasia
http://gencturkler2.8m.com/WHO/golden.html
Climate Oscillations and Nomad
Migrations
http://www.ihdp.uni-bonn.de/html/publications/update/update00_01/IHDPUpdate00_01_research.htm
The Globalization of History:
Climate, Nomads, and Mongols
http://www.cas.suffolk.edu/history/hansen/12_globalization_of_history.htm
Nomadic Eurasians, Archeological
Analysis Articles
http://www.csen.org/BAR%20Book/02%20Part%201%20Theory.pdf
Traditional Dwellings of the
Nomads: Gers/Yurts
http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/dwellings/dwellings.html
Nomad Tents – Evolution of
the Mongolian Ger
http://home.centurytel.net/westernhorde/tents.html
Modern Mongolian Ger
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mongolia/mn02_04a.jpg
The Buryat Mongolian Ger
http://www.buryatmongol.com/ger.html
Central Asian Nomad Yurts/Gers
(Kibitki)
http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Culture/Shifting_Boundaries/kibitki.html
Tent Dwellings of Native American
Plains Indians, Eskimo, Siberians, & the Sami Nomads of Scandinavia
http://www.saunalahti.fi/~corander/tents.htm
The Mongolian Felt Tent
http://www.skidgel.com/work/mft/
Mongolian Nomads Method for
Making Felt
http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/Felting/felting.html
The Textiles of Nomadic and
Settled Peoples of Central Asia
http://www.phm.gov.au/hsc/textiles/textiles.htm
Mongolian White Foods, Description
of Milk Products of the Nomadic Peoples of the Mongol Empire
http://www.9v.com/crystal/Mongolian%20White%20Foods.doc
Nomads People’s Traditional
Food Sources
http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/food/food.html
Tibetan Nomads with Tent,
Tolstoy Expedition 1942-43
http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/NomadTent.jpg
Tibetan Nomad Family, Tolstoy
Expedition 1942-43
http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/asianstudies/TibetanPhotos/Nomad.family.cooking.jpg
Turcoman Yurts
http://www.ummagurau.com/art/russia/yurts1.jpg
The Nomads, Man, Animal, Nature
http://ignca.nic.in/ps_01008.htm
An Economic Structure of the
Xiongnu Nomads (Hsuingnu) Society
http://iimk.nw.ru/eng/themes/xiongnu/economics.htm
Neaderthals and Modern Humans
in Central Asia and Siberia
http://www.neanderthal-modern.com/casiasib.htm#Top
DNA & the Peopling of
Siberia
http://www.mnh.si.edu/arctic/html/peopling_siberia.html
The Dual Origin and Siberian
Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes
http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2002_v70_p192-206.pdf
Volkswanderung
http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/000245.html
Samoyedic Peoples of the European
Tundra
http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/samoyed.htm
The Sámi Nomads of Scandanavia
http://www.breitlingweb.de/PAGEBILD/SA_LNDe.HTM
Prehistoric Art: Early Nomads
of the Altaic region
http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_2_7.html
Nomadic Art of the Eastern
Eurasian Steppes
http://www.metmuseum.org/special/Golden%20Deer/golden_deer_images.htm
Exhibition: Nomadic Waves
& Cultural Exchange on the Inner Mongolian Steppe
http://www.123soho.com/artgroup/national_palace_museum/1000/np_4ex7.htm
“Animal Style” and the Image
of the Horse and Rider
http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/rubinson_abs.html
Rock Art in Central Asia,
Mongolia and Siberia
http://rupestre.net/tracce/russib.html
Images of Art from Scythia,
10th – 4th century B.C
http://www.hp.uab.edu/image_archive/uj/ujf.html
Nomadic Art: The Scythians
http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/husa/origins/szkitahist/szkitaart.html
Eighteen Songs of a Nomad
Flute (Eighteen Stanzas for the Barbarian Reed Pipe)
http://www.radcliffe.edu/fellowships/profiles/idema/gallery/intro.html
Shamanic Traditions of Mongols
http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/culture/religion/religion2.html
Religion Among the Mongols
of the Early Empire
http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%207b.htm
Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia
http://www.innermongolia.org/english/tibetan_buddhism.htm
History of Religion in Mongolia
http://home.wanadoo.nl/archive/gvcom/monrelihys.htm
Religious Policies of Khubilai
Khan
http://www.taklamakan.org/history/nestor3.html
The Assyrian Church in the
Mongolian Empire
http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v13n2/missick.pdf
Old & New Trends in Religion
Under the Toluids
http://www.indiana.edu/~ceus/u368%20lecture%2011a.htm
Mongolian Shamanism
http://www.shamana.co.uk/mongolian_shamanism/
Shamanism in Mongolia and
Tibet
http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvia/Magic.htm
Religion in Mongolia
http://www.mongoluls.net/shashin/monreli.htm
Religion and Rule in Early
Modern Mongolia Abstracts
http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1998abst/china/c168.htm
Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhism,
Nationalism & Challenges to Chinese Sovereignty
http://www.intlstudies.ucsd.edu/iicas_research_papers/EmpireToNationII/Bulag.pdf
Buddhism in Mongolia After
1990
http://www.globalbuddhism.org/4/kollmar-paulenz03.htm
The New Visual Language Created
by the Mongols
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm
Legacy of Genghis Khan exhibition
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan1/hd_khan1.htm
Mongol and Central Asian Art
http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/millwarj/centralasiaimages.htm#3
Mongol Empire Art and Architecture
http://www.unesco.org/culture/asia/html_eng/chapitre4216/chapitre12.htm
Yuan Dynasty Art (1279-1368)
http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/china/yuan.html
When Silk was Gold, Yuan Dynasty
and Mongol Central Asia Textiles
http://antiquesandthearts.com/archive/silk.htm
Mongol Archer, Yuan Dynasty
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/mongarch.jpg
Mounted Mongol Archer by Yuan
Dynasty Artist Liu Kuan-tao
http://home.kimo.com.tw/yu-kang/stamp/d03.htm
“River in Autumn”, Yuan Dynasty painting
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/core9/phalsall/images/river1.gif
“Dwelling in the Fuqun Mountains”,
Huang Gongwang, Yuan Dynasty
“Zhong Kui Travelling” by
Gong Kai, Yuan Dynasty (In 3 Sections)
http://asianstudies.homestead.com/gongkai3.html
http://asianstudies.homestead.com/gongkai2.html
http://asianstudies.homestead.com/gongkai1.html
Mongol Saddle Arch in Gold,
13th Century, Golden Horde Dynasty
http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-3.asp
Golden Horde Dynasty Tympanum,
14th – 15th Century
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/waa/ho_38.96.htm
Golden Horde, Belt Fitment
of Gold, 13th – 14th Century
http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_13a.html
Yuan Dynasty Mandala with
Mongol Rulers Portraits
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/07/eac/hob_1992.54.htm
Mongol Rider with Administrator,
Yuan Dynasty Painting
http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-1.asp
Yuan Dynasty Art in the Tokyo
National Museum
http://www.tnm.jp/scripts/col/MON1.en.idc?Q=144270_______
Mongol Ruler and Queen Enthroned,
Ilkhanid Dynasty
http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Pictures2/ul43.jpg
Ascension of Ogedei Khan from
Rashid-ad Din’s Manuscript, Mongol Iran
http://mongolempire.4t.com/cgi-bin/i/pic_gallery/g_ogedeiasc.jpg
Ogedei Khan Portrait, National
Palace Museum, Yuan Dynasty
http://mongolempire.4t.com/cgi-bin/i/pic_gallery/g_ogedeiport.jpg
Illustration of Genghis Khan
Addressing Citizens of Bukhara
http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us./~vms/carlton/genghis20.jpg
Mughal Illustration of Genghis
Khan Dividing His Empire
http://www.indianminiaturepainting.com/product/ME80/
Alanquva and Her Three Sons,
from the Chingiznama of Rashid ad-Din, 1596, Mughal Dynasty
http://www.superluminal.com/cookbook/gallery_chingiznama.html
The Mongol Shahnama with Illustrations,
Ilkhanid Dynasty
http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_KLEIN/shahnama/
Theme of Enthronement in Shahnama,
Ilkhanid Dynasty
http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_KLEIN/shahnama/enthronmenthome.html
Theme of Mourning in Shahnama,
Ilkhanid Dynasty
http://studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~A_KLEIN/shahnama/deathhome.html
Black & White Illustration
of Genghis Khan’s Tents, Ilkhanid Dynasty
http://www.currentmiddleages.org/tents/yurt1pic.htm
Mount Burkhan Khaldun, Which
Gave Shelter to Genghis Khan