The Indo-Mongolian Society of New York

Mongolian History-Online Resources

 

 

Compiled by the Indo-Mongolian Society of New York in 2004 www.MongolianCulture.com

 

                       Contents                  

 

History of the Mongols, Genghis Khan - Chinggis Khan,

Mongol Military Campaigns, Yuan Dynasty - Mongol China,

 Ilkhanid Dynasty - Mongol Iran,

Ulus Chaghatay Dynasty - Mongol Central Asia,

Golden Horde Dynasty - Mongol Russia,

 Mongol Invasions of Japan, Mongols in South East Asia,

Post-Empire and Modern Mongolia,

Mongolian Women in History,

Nomadic Civilization - Pastoral Nomadism & Inner Asian History,

Religious History of the Mongols, Art of the Mongol Empire,

Other Mongolian History Images, Other Articles About Mongolian History,

Mongol Empire Maps, Mongolian History Timelines,

Central Asian Tribal Groups History, The Manchus,

The Silk Road, Silk Road Art, Silk Road Frescoes of Dunhuang,

Historical Maps, Period Photos: Mongol, Tibetan, Siberian and Central Asian Subjects,

Indian Historical Cultural Influence in Central Asia, Gandaharan, Bactrian,Sogdian,Parthian and Sarmation Art □

 

History of the Mongols

Origins of the Mongols

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/4.htm

Ancestry of the Mongols

http://www.coldsiberia.org/ancestry.htm

The Rise of the Mongol Empire

http://ron.heavengames.com/gameinfo/nations/mongol/mongol.shtml

Defining Territories and Empire: from Mongol Ulus to Russian Siberia, 1200 - 1800

http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/Proceed97/Kotkin1.html

How did the Mongols Link East and West? (Selections from All the Khan's Horses)

The Mongol Khans                 

http://www.friesian.com/mongol.htm

History of the Mongol Empire - List of Rulers

The 'Pax Mongolica'

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/paxmongolica.shtml

Mongols in World History

http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/

Mongol History

http://danielroy.tripod.com/cgi-bin/alternate/mongolia/history.html

History of the Mongol Empire

Mongolia FAQ

http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~corff/mfaq-3.html

Virtual Mongol History

http://www.kiku.com/electric_samurai/virtual_mongol/history.html

Reign of Kuyuk (Guyuk) Khan

http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/mongolia/mongolia25.html

John of Plano Carpini the Pope's Envoy Travels to the Court of G'y'k Khan

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/carrub.shtml

Europe and the Vatican's Perspectives on the Mongol Empire Expansion

http://www.mille.org/publications/summer98/fschmieder.pdf

Grigor of Akner's Account of the Mongols in Armenia and Georgia

Armenian Historical Accounts of the Mongol Empire

Rabban Sauma, A Nestorian Christian Envoy to the Court of Khubilai Khan

The 'Barbarian Invaders'

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/barbarian.shtml

A 13th Century Description of the 'Tatars' (Mongols)

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tartars.html

Great Wall of China 2

http://www.jadedragon.com/archives/arts/greatwal.html

Legacy of the Mongols

http://members.tripod.com/~whitebard/ca7.htm

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Genghis Khan - Chinggis Khan

On Chinggis Khaan

http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~corff/im/Landeskunde/CK.html

The Era of Chinggis Khan, 1206 - 1227

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/10.htm

Genghis Khan, Father of Mongolian Democracy

Genghis Khan, the Mongols and Asia

http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h11mon.htm

Changing Perceptions of Genghis Khan in Mongolia

The Treasure of Genghis Khan

Legacy of Genghis Khan Exhibition Resources, MET Museum, New York

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan1/hd_khan1.htm

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Mongol Military Campaigns

Mongol Conquest of China 1

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/11.htm

Mongol Conquest of Khwarizm

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/12.htm

Last Campaign of Genghis Khan

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/13.htm

Subedai's Campaigns in Europe

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/15.htm

The Battle of Mohi (Muhi) in Hungary, 1241

Mongol Invasion of Poland, Battle of Liegnitz, 1241

http://www.juniorgeneral.org/liegnitz/liegnitz.html

Research into Mongol Art of War

Description of Mongol Warfare from Friar John of Plano Carpini

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/carpini.htm

Mamluks and Mongol: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281

http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/carpini.htm

Mongols Meet Their Match: The Battle of Ain-Jalut

Mongol Armies

Mongol Army, Khans, Commanders, Methods and Campaigns

Mongolian Archery Technique

http://www.atarn.org/mongolian/mngtchnq.htm

Mongolian and Tibetan Archery

http://www.atarn.org/letters/ltr_mar01.htm

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Yuan Dynasty - Mongol China - 1279 - 1368

Khubilai Khan and the Yuan Dynasty

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/18.htm

Yuan Dynasty Social Economy

http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/yuan/social-economy.htm

Yuan Dynasty Paper Money Photograph

http://www.zeno.ru/showphoto.php?photo=85

Khubilai Khan in Battle, 1287 (Observations of Marco Polo)

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/khan.htm

Phaga-pa Alphabet

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/phagspa.htm

The Monks of Khubilai Khan, Life & Travels of Rabban Sauma

http://www.aina.org/books/mokk/mokk.htm

Yuan Dynasty Zaju (Dramatic Performance Art Form)

Yuan Dynasty Art (1279-1368)

http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/china/yuan.html

Yuan Dynasty Art 1279-1368, Summary and Images

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yuan/hd_yuan.htm

Yuan Dynasty Landscape Paintings

http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/painting/tptgyula.htm

 

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Ilkhanid Dynasty - Mongol Iran - 1265 - 1335

The Arts of the Ilkhanid Period

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ilkh/hd_ilkh.htm

Art of the Book in the Ilkhanid Period

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan2/hd_khan2.htm

Developments of Arts in Iran Under the Mongols

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-03.asp

New Visual Language of Iran Created by the Mongols

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm

Images and Description of the Mongol Illustrated History,

The Jami al -Tavarikh, (Compendium of Chronicles by Rashid al-Din)

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan8/hd_khan8.htm

Illustration Sections of the Court of Ghazan Khan

http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/costumes/costume.html

 

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Ulus Chaghatay - Mongol Central Asia - 1227 - 1363

Chaghatay Ulus Administrative Order in Phags-pa Script with Chaghatay Mark

http://www.let.osaka-u.ac.jp/toyosi/sial/13-matsui.html

Ulus Chaghatay, Mongol or not?

http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/pubs/S1995E.pdf

 

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Golden Horde - Mongol Russia - 1240 - 1480

 

Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde), 1240 - 1560's

http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/sympo/Proceed97/Kotkin2.html

History of Galicia & Volhynia; Relations of Leo of Galicia with Khan Telebuga of the Golden Horde

http://www.personal.ceu.hu/students/97/Roman_Zakharii/gal.htm

Golden Horde and Tatar Scholarly Articles

http://www.turko-tatar.com/uli/ulipubs.htm

The Mongols and Russia

http://www.geographia.com/russia/rushis03.htm

Mongols in Armenia

http://www.virtualarmenia.am/lori/loriberd/loremedievalcity/mijnadaryanlorekaghak1.htm

Mongol Invasion of Russia

http://www.russiansabroad.com/russian_history_21.html

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Mongol Invasions of Japan

Japan History Mongol Invasions

http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/japan/japan_history_mongol_invasions.html

Khubilai Khan's Lost Fleet (Found again)

http://www.abc.se/~m10354/mar/kublai.htm

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Mongols in Southeast & Northeast Asia

Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Tibet, & Mongolia

http://www.friesian.com/perigoku.htm

Mongol Campaigns in Vietnam

http://countrystudies.us/vietnam/9.htm

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Post-Empire and Modern Mongolia

Decline of the Mongol Empire

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/22.htm

Mongols, Jurchens, and Manchus

http://assets.cambridge.org/0521243343/sample/0521243343WS.pdf

Mongolia in Transition 1368-1911

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/23.htm

Modern Mongolia 1911-1984

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/26.htm

Damdiny Sukhbataar, Mongolian Revolutionary Hero

http://www.pjsymes.com.au/articles/suhbaatar.htm

Mongolia's Socialist Construction Under Tsedenbal, 1952- 84

http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/mongolia/mongolia_history_socialist_construction_under_tsedenbal_1952_84.html

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 Mongolian Women in History

Female Hero: Sorghaghtani Beki

http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine8.html

Heroines: Mongolian Women

http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/mongolian8.html

Names of Mongol Woman Royalty

http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/jessica-bonner/mongolwomen.html

 

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Nomadic Civilization, Inner Asian History and Pastoral Nomadism

 

Hun, Pazyryk, Scythian, Bactrian, Vani, Merv, Central Asian History Brief

http://www.drummingnet.com/alekseev/ChapterVIII.html

History of Inner Asia

http://assets.cambridge.org/0521651697/sample/0521651697WSC00.pdf

Pope Leo's Historic Meeting with Attila the Hun, 452 A.D.

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/attila2.html

Nomadism and Pastoralism Worldwide, History and Analysis

http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y2647E/y2647e02.htm

Mongolian Nomads Method for Making Felt

http://members.tripod.com/Mongolian_Page/Felting/felting.html

Exhibition: Nomadic Waves & Cultural Exchange on the Inner Mongolian Steppe

http://www.123soho.com/artgroup/national_palace_museum/1000/np_4ex7.htm

'Animal Style' and the Image of the Horse and Rider

http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/rubinson_abs.html

 

 

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Art of the Mongol Empire

The New Visual Language Created by the Mongols

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan4/hd_khan4.htm

Legacy of Genghis Khan exhibition

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/khan1/hd_khan1.htm

Yuan Dynasty Art (1279-1368)

http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/china/yuan.html

Mongol Saddle Arch in Gold, 13th Century, Golden Horde Dynasty

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-3.asp

Mongol Rider with Administrator, Yuan Dynasty Painting

http://www.artnet.com/magazine/features/stern/stern1-13-1.asp

Alanquva and Her Three Sons, from the Chingiznama of Rashid ad-Din, 1596, Mughal Dynasty

http://www.superluminal.com/cookbook/gallery_chingiznama.html

Black & White Illustration of Genghis Khan's Tents, Ilkhanid Dynasty

http://www.currentmiddleages.org/tents/yurt1pic.htm

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Other Mongolian History Images

Ancient Deer Stones, Western Mongolia

http://www.uoregon.edu/~arthist/jacobson/170M.htm

Ancient Stone Figure, Western Mongolia

http://www.uoregon.edu/~arthist/jacobson/653A.htm

Ancient Armour and Helmets Yuan Dynasty

http://chinese-armour.freewebspace.com/photo.html

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European Technology and Manchu Power: Reflections on the "Military Revolution" in Seventeenth Century China (Fall of the Ming Dynasty & the Rise of the Manchu Qing Dynasty)

http://www.oslo2000.uio.no/program/papers/m1b/m1b-dicosmo.pdf

Notes on the Mongols (Brief Summary of Turko-Mongol Tribes)

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sat/notes/notesXXXIIImong.html

Przewalski Horse: Ancient Mongolian Horse Rescued from the Brink of Extinction

http://www.gluckman.com/MongoHorse.html

Mongol Creation Stories

http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-EPT/stuart1.htm

Documentation & Construction of Period Mongol Names

http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/baras-aghur/mongolian.html

Sacred Mongolian Environmental Texts

http://www.arcworld.org/projects.asp?projectID=101

Photos of Karakorum Archeological Excavations

http://www.marcsteinmetz.com/pages/karakorum/ekarakorum_minis.html

Mongolia Climate

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/34.htm

Bugut Inscription and Early Turkic Habitation in Mongolia

http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/alyilmaz.html

Yeh-lu Chu'tsai, Advisor to Genghis Khan

http://www.coldsiberia.org/yehluchu.htm

Rashid ad-Din's Letters: Genuine History or Forgery? By Abolala Soudavar

http://www.soudavar.com/Letters-Modified3.PDF

The Initial Upper Paleolithic in Northeast Asia

http://paleo.sscnet.ucla.edu/BrantCA2001.pdf

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Mongol Empire Maps

Mongol Empire Map with Marco Polo Route

http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/maptext_n2/mongol1.html

Mongol Khanates, Black & White Map1

http://www.historyonmaps.com/BWSamples/MongolEmpire.htm

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Timelines of Mongolian History

Timeline of Mongolian History         

http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/mongols.html

Mongol Dynasties Timelines

http://www.kessler-web.co.uk/History/KingListsFarEast/AsiaMongols.htm

Southwest Asia Time Line 1500 to Now

http://www.spongobongo.com/time1.htm

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History of Central Asian Tribal Groups

The Xiongnu Culture, 3rd Century BCE

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/xiongnu1.shtml

The Migration of the Yuezhi (Yue-Chi) through Sogdia

http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/benjamin.html

The Huns Chronology and Timeline

http://www.kessler-web.co.uk/History/KingListsEurope/BarbarianHuns.htm

The White Huns- Hephthalites

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/heph.shtml

The Alans

http://www.kessler-web.co.uk/History/KingListsEurope/BarbarianAlans.htm

The Khitan and Jurchen

http://countrystudies.us/mongolia/9.htm

The Khwarezm Shah Empire, 1151 - 1231 A.D.

http://www.allempires.com/empires/khwarezm/khwarezm1.htm

Mongol Tatars

http://hansaray.narod.ru/ekhanate.html

Ibn al-Athir: On The Tatars, 1220-1221 CE

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1220al-Athir-mongols.html

The Tatars

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatars

Ethnic Processes Within the Turkic Population of the West Siberian Plain By NIKOLAI A. TOMILOV

http://monderusse.revues.org/docannexe/4402tomilov-cmr-2-3-2000.pdf

The Sogdians

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/sogdian.shtml

The Jalayirids

http://www.angelfire.com/tn/halk/jalayr.html

The Qara Khitai, 810 - 1000 A.D.

http://www.kessler-web.co.uk/History/KingListsFarEast/AsiaQaraKhitai.htm

The Crimean Tatars

http://www.iccrimea.org/scholarly/krimtatars.html

The Ashtarkhanid Rulers of Bukhara

http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/bashiri/Manghit/Ashtar.html

Kazakhstan Unesco history 12th-14th century

http://www.unesco.kz/natcom/turkestan/e04_kz_ca.htm

Kazakh Area Unesco History

http://www.natcom.unesco.kz/turkestan/e06_yasy_city.htm

History of Kazakhstan

http://www.uzbekistantravelandtours.com/kazak/history.html

The Russian Redbook Listing of Endangered Tribes (Very Large Compendium of Individual Tribal Histories)

http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/introduction.shtml

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The Silk Road

Silk Road Chronology

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/chrono.shtml

A Silk Road Timeline

http://www.schirmer.com/silkroad/timeline.html

Old World Traditional Trade Routes Maps

http://www.ciolek.com/owtrad.html

Travelers on the Silk Road

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/srtravelmain.shtml

Bactrian Camel: Camelus Bactrianus

http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Camelus_bactrianus.html

Tibetan Manuscripts from the Silk Road

http://idp.bl.uk/chapters/publications/newsletter_archive/news17/idpnews17.html

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Silk Road Art

Luxury Arts of the Silk Road

http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/luxuryarts/2.htm

Silk Road Art of the Sogdians

http://www.weecheng.com/silk/tajik/sogdian.htm

Early Portrait Painting in Tibet by Jane Casey Singer

http://www.asianart.com/articles/portrait/

Photographs: In the Mountains of Central Asia

http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/CA/mtntrav.htm

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Silk Road Frescoes of Dunhuang

Dunhuang, located in Gansu Province, northwestern China was one of the main destinations on the ancient Silk Road.  Dunhuang is famous today primarily for its 492 caves that house a treasure trove of frescoes, scrolls and Buddhist objects dating from the 4th century to 12th century A.D. The Dunhuang frescoes strikingly illustrate the cross-cultural confluence of aesthetics, philosophies, mythologies, and histories of India, Central Asia, and China. During the Yuan Dynasty nine new caves were created and frescoes of the Tibetan Buddhist pantheon were painted within.  

International Dunhuang Project

  http://idp.bl.uk/

Dunhuang- Buddhist Art From The Silk Road text by Roderick Whitfield; photographs by Seigo Otsuka

  http://www.textile-art.com/dun1.html

Dunhuang Caves in China (Mogao Caves)

  http://www.crystalinks.com/chinacaves.html

Introduction to Dunhuang Cave Art  http://www.silkroadfoundation.org/dunhuang/dhintro.html

 

                                                   

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Historical Maps

Mauryan Empire Map, ca. 323 - 185 B.C.

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/maur/hg_d_maur_d1map.htm

Kushan Empire Map, ca. 2nd - 3rd Century A.D.

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kush/hd_kush.htm

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Indian Historical Cultural Influence in Central Asia,

Gandharan, Bactrian, Sogdian, Parthian, Sarmatian Art

Asoka, Rock and Pillar Edicts

http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/ashoka.html

Mauryan Art and Architecture

http://www.arthistory.upenn.edu/104/maurya.html

The Vasantra Jataka from Miran, Central Asia

http://www.ibiblio.org/radha/p_a012.htm

Map Showing Diffusion of Indian Languages into Asia

http://classes.bnf.fr/dossiecr/ca-inde.htm

Kharosthi Alphabet

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kharosthi.htm

Two Aspects of Serindian Art

http://www.asianart.com/forum/serindia.html

The Conservation of a 5th century Buddhist Gandharan Manuscript by Susan Sayre Batton

http://www.asianart.com/articles/batton/

Cave as Canvas: Hidden Images of Worship Along the Ancient Silk Routes

http://www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/cave/default.htm

A Lost Literary Buddhist Tradition is Found By PETER MONAGHAN

http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Reln260/Gandharan-ms.htm

Buddhism and its Spread Along the Silk Road

http://www.silk-road.com/artl/buddhism.shtml

Demon & Deities: Masks of the Himalayas By Thomas Murray Photography by Don Tuttle

http://www.asianart.com/articles/murray/index.html

Indic Ideas in the Graeco-Roman World

http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/h_es/h_es_kak-s_ideas.htm

Ancient Coins of Bactria and Northwest India

http://www.snible.org/coins/hn/bactria.html

Alexander in the East Map with Bactria Region

http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/map13al.htm

Alexander of Macedonia

http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/AlexandertheGreat.html

Sogdiana and Soghdian Art

http://www.weecheng.com/silk/tajik/ogdians.htm

Images of Khorasan and Sogdian Art

http://www.kroraina.com/ca/pict/images.html

Court Art of Sogdian Samarqand in the 7th century A.D.

http://www.orientarch.uni-halle.de/ca/afras/text/wmaintxt.htm

Sogdian Influences Seen on Turkic Stone Statues, Focusing in the Fingers Representations by Toshio Hayashi

http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/hayashi.html

Sogdian Civilization's Peculiarities by Boris Y. Stavisky

http://www.transoxiana.com.ar/Eran/Articles/stavisky.html

Silver Sogdian Coins

http://www.charm.ru/coins/misc/sogd-silver-unknown.shtml

Empire, Fragmentation and Salvation in Mauryan India

http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/ch13.htm

Parthian Arts and Artifacts

http://www.parthia.com/parthia_arts.htm#Artifacts

Parthian Empire Map

http://www.parthia.com/map_extent.htm

Central Asian Region of Modern day Kyrghistan's Relationship with India 6th - 10th Century A.D.

http://www.ctaj.elcat.kg/tolstyi/c/c024.html

Rock Carving and Inscriptions Along the Indus, The Buddhist Tradition by Volker Thewalt

http://www.thewalt.de/reprints/saa83.htm

Dionysus and Katargama: Parallel Mystery Cults by Patrick Harrigan

http://kataragama.org/research/dionysus.htm

Mongol Armies and Indian Campaigns

http://www.mongolianculture.com/MONGOL-ARMIES.htm

The Indo-Mongolian Relationship: A Retrospective Outlook on Buddhism

http://www.mongolianculture.com/ProfBira-Lect.htm

Manichaen Input to Chinese Culture and Art by R. Banerjee

http://www.ibiblio.org/radha/rpub014a.htm

Sun Wukong, the Monkey King

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Wukong

From Protean Ape to Handsome Saint: The Monkey King by Whalen Lai

http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-EPT/whalen.htm

 

 

 

 

Compiled by the Indo-Mongolian Society of New York in 2004 

www.MongolianCulture.com